From en.wiktionary.org:
[Appendix:Variations of "to"] [minitoc]
** Translingual
*** Etymology
[mul] of [mul].
*** Symbol
[mul-symbol]
1. [1]
** English
*** Alternative forms
- [dialectal] ter
- [contraction] t'
- [abbreviation] 2
*** Etymology 1
From [en], from [en], from [en] ~ [gem-pro], from [en] ~ [ine-pro]. Cognate
with [sco], [sco], [frr], [frr], [frr], [stq], [nds], [nl], [nl], [de], [fy].
Non-Germanic cognates include [sq], Irish [ga], Breton [br], Welsh [cy], [ru].
[en].
**** Pronunciation
STRESSED
- [to͞o] , [en]
- [en]
- [en]
- [en]
- [en]
- [en]
- [en]
- [en]
- [en]
- [en]
- [en]
UNSTRESSED [en]
- [en]
- [before a consonant] [en]
- [en]
- [en]
- [before a vowel] [en]
- [en]
- [en]
- [en]
- [en]
- [en]
**** Particle
[en-part]
1. [A particle used for marking the following verb as an infinitive .]
2. * [text= TO err, is human; TO forgive, divine.]
3. * [3]
4. * [1=en]
5. * {{ quote-journal
|en |date=April 10, 2011 |author=Alistair Magowan |title=Aston Villa 1 - 0
Newcastle |work=BBC Sport
|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/eng_prem/9446263.stm |page=
|passage=To that end, the home supporters were in good voice TO begin with,
but it was Newcastle who started the game in the ascendancy, with Barton
putting a diving header over the top from Jose Enrique's cross.}}
1. [As above, with the verb implied.]
2. [Used to indicate an obligation on the part of, or a directive given to, the subject.]
3. [en] In order to .
***** Derived terms
{{col4|en|[en] ([en]) |[en] ([en]) |[en] ([en]) |[en] ([en]) |[en] ([en])
|[en] ([en]) |[en] ([en]) |[en] ([en]) }}
***** Translations
[en] [infinitive-marker]{{multitrans|data=
- Albanian: [sq] , [sq]
- Arabic: [ar]
- Armenian: [hy] , [hy]
- Assamese: [as] , [as]
- Azerbaijani: [az] , [az]
- Bengali: [bn]
- Bulgarian: [bg]
- Catalan: [ca] [1st conjugation] ; [ca] , [ca] , [ca] [2nd conjugation] ; [ca] [3rd conjugation]
- Cornish: [kw]
- Czech: [cs] , [cs] , [cs]
- Danish: [da]
- Dutch: [nl] , [nl]
- Esperanto: [eo]
- Estonian: _not used in Estonian; the first infinitive of all verbs ends with -a_
- Faroese: [fo] , [fo]
- Finnish: _not used in Finnish; the first infinitive of all verbs ends with -a or -ä_
- French: [fr] [1st conjugation] , [fr] [2nd conjugation] , [fr] [3rd conjugation]
- Galician: [gl] [1st conjugation] , [gl] / [gl] [2nd conjugation] , [gl] [3rd conjugation]
- German: [de] , [de]
- Greek: [extension] [el]
- Hawaiian: [haw]
- Hebrew: [he]
- Hindi: [hi]
- Hungarian: [hu]
- Icelandic: [is] , [is]
- Ido: [io] [present] , [io] [past] , [io] [future]
- Igbo: [ig]
- Indonesian: [id]
- Irish: [ga]
- Italian: [it] [1st conjugation] , [it] [2nd conjugation] , [it] [2nd irregular conjugation] , [it] [2nd irregular conjugation] , [it] [2nd irregular conjugation] , [it] [3rd conjugation]
- Korean: [ko]
- Ladin: [lld]
- Ladino: [lad]
- Latin: [la] , [la] , [la] , [la]
- Latvian: [lv]
- Limburgish: [li] , [li]
- Lithuanian: [lt]
- Macedonian: [mk]
- Malay: [ms]
- Maltese: [mt]
- Neapolitan: [nap] , [nap] , [nap] , [nap]
- Nepali: [ne]
- Norwegian:
- Ottoman Turkish: [ota] , [ota]
- Persian: [fa] , [fa]
- Polish: [suffix] [pl] , [pl] , [pl] , [pl] , [pl] , [pl]
- Portuguese: [pt] [1st conjugation] , [pt] / [pt] [2nd conjugation] , [pt] [3rd conjugation]
- Punjabi: [pa]
- Romanian: [ro]
- Russian: [suffix] [ru] , [ru] , [ru] , [ru] , [ru] , [ru] , [ru] , [ru]
- Scots: [sco]
- Serbo-Croatian: [sh] , [sh]
- Sicilian: [scn] [1st conjugation] ; [scn] [2nd conjugation]
- Slovak: [sk]
- Slovene: [sl]
- Spanish: [es] [1st conjugation] , [es] [2nd conjugation] , [es] [3rd conjugation]
- Swahili: [sw]
- Swedish: [sv]
- Talysh:
- Turkish: [tr] , [tr]
- Ukrainian: [uk] , [uk] , [uk] , [uk] , [uk]
- Veps: [vep]
- Volapük: [vo]
- Võro: [vro]
- Votic: _first infinitive_
- Zulu: [zu]
[trans-bottom]
[in order to]
- Catalan: [ca]
- Chinese:
- Cornish: [kw]
- Czech: [cs]
- Danish: [da]
- Dutch: [nl]
- Finnish: [fi] , [fi] ; _translative of first infinitive with possessive suffix_
- French: [fr] , [fr]
- German: [de]
- Hebrew: [he]
- Hungarian: [hu] [+ subjunctive mood]
- Italian: [it]
- Japanese: [ja]
- Latin: [la]
- Polish: [pl] , [pl] , [pl]
- Portuguese: [pt]
- Romanian: [ro] , [ro]
- Russian: [ru]
- Spanish: [es]
- Swedish: [sv]
- Tamil: [ta]
- Ukrainian: [uk] , [uk]
- Vietnamese: [vi]
[trans-bottom]
[checktrans-top] <!-- was "particle used to create phrasal verbs", but this
does not exist as an English sense -->
- German: [de] [may left out]
- Italian: [it] [+ infinitive verb] , [it] [+ infinitive verb]
}} [trans-bottom]
**** Preposition
[en-prep]
1. In the direction of; towards .
2. [Indicating destination or final position:] In the direction of, so as to arrive at or reach.
3. * {{ quote-journal | en | date=September 28 2013 | author=w:Kenan Malik | title=London Is Special, but Not That Special | titleurl=http://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/29/opinion/sunday/london-is-special-but-not-that-special.html?ref=opinion | journal=New York Times | accessdate=28 September 2013
|passage=Driven by a perceived political need to adopt a hard-line stance, Mr.
Cameron’s coalition government has imposed myriad new restrictions, the aim of
which is to reduce net migration TO Britain to below 100,000.}}
1. [Used to indicate the target or recipient of an action.]
2. So as to contact, press against, impact, etc.
3. So as to become or reach: [indicating a terminal state resulting from an action] .
4. So as to bring about or elicit (an effect or outcome).
5. [Used after an adjective to indicate its application.]
6. [Indicating a degree or level reached.]
7. [Used to describe what something consists of or contains.]
8. [Denotes the end of a range.]
9. [en] As a .
10. [Used to indicate a ratio or comparison ;] compare d to, as against .
11. * [part=1]
12. * {{ quote-journal
|en |date=April 22, 2012 |author=Sam Sheringham |title=Liverpool 0-1 West Brom
|work=BBC Sport |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/17718147 |page=
|passage=In total, the Reds had 28 shots TO their opponent's nine, and 15
corners to the Baggies' three.}}
1. [en] [Used to indicate that the preceding term is to be raise d to the power of the following value; indicates exponentiation] .
2. [en] Preceding (the stated hour).
1. [en] [With implied hour.]
3. According to .
4. [en] At .
5. * {{ quote-text | en | year=1867 | title=Cornish Tales, in prose and verse by various authors | page=33
|passage="What's that to you?" said Trevool, rather sharply, "worn't I TO a
berrin? [...]}}
1. [Used more-or-less idiomatically with various verbs: _keep TO the left_ , _agree TO the proposal_ , _attend TO the matter_ , etc. See the individual entries.]
***** Usage notes
In the sense of "as a", it is a fossil word <small>(Standard English
only)</small>, found usually only in obsolete set phrases like: "_to take a
woman TO wife_", "_to have someone TO friend_", "_to have something TO
birthright_" etc. In northern dialects,[en] where it is rare but still in
common use, it is often used in combination with [en].
***** Derived terms
{{col3|en|lean-to |many-to-many |many-to-one |one-to-many |one-to-one |to a
hair |to a man |to and fro |to hand |to spare }}
***** Translations
[used to indicate the indirect object]{{multitrans|data=
- Albanian: [sq]
- Arabic: [ar]
- Armenian: _uses the dative case_
- Catalan: [ca]
- Chinese:
- Czech: [uses dative case]
- Danish: [da]
- Dutch: [nl]
- Esperanto: [eo]
- Estonian: [et]
- Faroese: [fo]
- French: [fr]
- Galician: [gl]
- German: [uses dative case]
- Greek:
- Hungarian: [hu] / [hu]
- Irish: [ga]
- Japanese: [ja]
- Ladin: [lld]
- Ladino: [lad]
- Latin: [uses dative case] , [la]
- Latvian: [lv]
- Lithuanian: [lt]
- Maltese: [mt]
- Norwegian: [no]
- Persian: [fa]
- Portuguese: [pt] , [pt]
- Scots: [sco]
- Scottish Gaelic: [gd] , [gd] , [gd]
- Slovak: [sk]
- Slovene: [sl]
- Spanish: [es]
- Swahili: [sw]
- Swedish: [sv] , [sv]
- Tamil: [ta]
- Telugu: [te] , [te]
- Venetan: [vec]
- Veps: [vep]
- Vietnamese: [vi]
- Volapük: [vo]
- Võro: [vro]
- Votic: _allative case_
[trans-bottom]
[checktrans-top] <!-- The following translations were previously listed under
"For the purpose of", which was deemed an incorrect English definition and
hence no longer exists. -->
- Arabic: [ar]
- Dutch: [nl] , [nl]
- French: [fr] , [fr]
- German: (devote) _uses the dative case_ ; (drink) [de]
- Greek: [el]
- Italian: [it]
- Latin: [la] [+ subj.]
- Malay: [ms]
- Polish: [dative case]
- Portuguese: [pt]
- Spanish: [es]
- Swedish: [sv] , [sv]
- Venetan: [vec]
[trans-bottom]
[in the direction of, and arriving at]
- Albanian: [sq]
- Arabic: [ar] , [ar]
- Armenian: [hy]
- Assamese: [as]
- Bakhtiari: [bqi]
- Bashkir: [ba] , [ba] , [ba] , [ba]
- Burmese: [my]
- Catalan: [ca] , [ca]
- Chinese:
- Cornish:
- Czech: [cs] , [cs] , [cs] , [cs]
- Danish: [da]
- Dutch: [nl]
- Esperanto: [eo]
- Estonian: [et] [illative case, into something]
- Faroese: [fo]
- Finnish: _expressed with the case of the headword, often illative or allative case_ ; [genitive +] [fi] [direction of] , [genitive +] [fi] [direction of] , [genitive +] [fi] [to vicinity of] , [genitive +] [fi] [to vicinity of] , [genitive +] [fi] [to vicinity of]
- French: [fr] , [fr] , [fr]
- Galician: [gl]
- German: [de] , [de] _(in this sense only used for and sole preposition option for constructions without articles, i.e. general directions (e.g. up, west), most countries and cities etc. and nachhause/nach Hause (home) )_ , [de]
- Gothic: [got]
- Greek: [el] , [el]
- Hawaiian: [haw]
- Hebrew: [he] , [he] [written together with the following word]
- Hindi: [hi]
- Hungarian: [hu] / [hu] / [hu] [allative , arriving at] , [hu] [postposition , in the direction of]
- Icelandic: [is]
- Ido: [io] , [io]
- Igbo: [ig]
- Indonesian: [id] , [id] , [id] , [id]
- Interlingua: [ia]
- Irish: [ga] , [ga] , [ga] , [ga] , [ga]
- Italian: [it] , [it] [before a vowel, especially "a"] , [it] , [it]
- Japanese: [ja] , [ja]
- Judeo-Italian: [itk]
- Khmer: [km]
- Korean: [ko] , [ko]
- Ladin: [lld]
- Ladino: [lad]
- Lao: [lo]
- Latgalian: [ltg]
- Latin: [la] [+ accusative)]
- Latvian: [lv]
- Lithuanian: [lt]
- Low German: [gmh] , [gmh]
- Malay: [ms] , [ms]
- Maltese: [mt] , [mt] , [mt]
- Manchu: [mnc]
- Maori: [mi]
- Mongolian: [mn] [dative case] , [mn] [postposition]
- Ndzwani Comorian: [wni] [suffix]
- Neapolitan: [nap]
- Ngazidja Comorian: [zdj]
- Norwegian:
- Nǀuu: [ngh]
- Occitan: [oc]
- Old Norse: [non]
- Persian: [fa] , [used with people] [fa] , [fa] [poetic]
- Polish: [pl]
- Portuguese: [pt] , [pt] (colloquial)
- Romanian: [ro] , [ro] , [ro]
- Russian: [ru] ; [ru] , [ru] [words consisting of a consonant]
- Sanskrit: [sa]
- Scots: [sco]
- Scottish Gaelic: [gd]
- Slovak: [sk] , [sk] , [sk]
- Slovene: [sl] , [sl] [if the next word begins with a "k" or "g"] , [sl] , [sl]
- Sorbian:
- Spanish: [es] , [es]
- Swahili: [sw] , [sw] , [sw]
- Swedish: [sv]
- Talysh:
- Tamil: [ta] , [ta]
- Telugu: [te] , [te]
- Thai: [th]
- Tibetan: [bo]
- Tok Pisin: [tpi]
- Turkish: [tr] , [tr] , [tr] , [tr]
- Tuvan: [tyv] , [tyv]
- Ukrainian: [uk] , [uk] , [uk]
- Urdu: [ur]
- Venetan: [vec]
- Vietnamese: [vi]
- Volapük: [vo]
- Võro: [vro]
- Votic: _illative case_
- West Frisian: [fy]
[trans-bottom]
[target or recipient of an action]
- Bashkir: [ba] , [ba] , [ba] , [ba]
- Dutch: [nl]
- Finnish: [fi] [e.g. annoin lantin hänelle ~ I gave a coin to her/him; puhuin hänelle ~ I spoke to her/him] , [genitive +] [fi] [e.g. puhuin hänen kanssa(an) ~ I spoke with her/him]
- French: [fr]
- German: [de] , [de] , [de]
- Judeo-Italian: [itk]
- Polish: [uses dative case]
- Russian: [uses dative case]
- Spanish: [es] , [es]
- Tamil: [ta] , [ta]
[trans-bottom]
[to indicate result of action]
- Finnish: [fi]
- Hebrew: [he]
- Tamil: [ta] , [ta]
[trans-bottom]
[used after certain adjectives to indicate a relationship]
- Albanian: [sq]
- Armenian: _uses the dative case or_ [hy]
- Catalan: [ca]
- Czech: _uses the dative case_
- Danish: [da]
- Dutch: [nl] , [nl] , [nl]
- Estonian: [et]
- Faroese: [fo]
- Finnish: [following verb in infinitive] , [fi] [e.g. julma hänelle ~ cruel to her/him]
- French: [fr] , [fr] , [fr] , [fr]
- German: [de]
- Greek: [el]
- Hindi: [hi]
- Hungarian: [hu]
- Icelandic: [is]
- Igbo: [ig]
- Indonesian: [id]
- Irish: _varies according to adjective_
- Italian: [it]
- Ladin: [lld]
- Ladino: [lad]
- Latin: [la]
- Latvian: [lv]
- Lithuanian: [lt]
- Maltese: [mt]
- Norwegian:
- Persian: [fa]
- Polish: [pl]
- Portuguese: [pt] , [pt]
- Romanian: [ro]
- Russian: [ru]
- Scots: [sco]
- Scottish Gaelic: [gd]
- Slovak: [sk]
- Slovene: [sl]
- Spanish: [es]
- Swahili: [sw]
- Swedish: [sv] , [sv] [protagonistic relation] , [sv] [antagonistic relation]
- Tamil: [ta]
- Veps: [vep]
- Volapük: [vo]
- Võro: [vro]
- Votic: _e..g. allative case_
[trans-bottom]
[end of range]
- Bashkir: [ba] , [ba] , [ba] , [ba] ; _dative +_ [ba] , _dative +_ [ba]
- Dutch: [nl]
- Esperanto: [eo]
- Finnish: [use illative case] , [number +] [fi] [e.g. kahdesta neljään ~ from two to four]
- French: [fr]
- Hebrew: [he]
- Indonesian: [id]
- Latin: [la]
- Portuguese: [pt]
- Russian: [ru]
- Swahili: [sw]
- Swedish: [sv]
- Tamil: [ta]
[trans-bottom]
[used to indicate ratios]
- Albanian: [sq]
- Armenian: _uses the dative case or_ [hy]
- Bashkir: [ba] , [ba] , [ba] , [ba]
- Catalan: [ca]
- Chinese:
- Czech: [cs]
- Danish: [da]
- Dutch: [nl]
- Estonian: [et]
- Faroese: [fo]
- Finnish: [fi] [e.g. yhden suhde yhteen ~ one to one]
- French: [fr]
- German: [de]
- Greek: [el]
- Hungarian: [hu]
- Icelandic: [is]
- Igbo: [ig]
- Indonesian: [id]
- Irish: [ga] , [ga]
- Italian: [it] , [it]
- Japanese: [ja] , [ja]
- Ladin: [lld]
- Ladino: [lad]
- Latgalian: [ltg]
- Latin: [la]
- Latvian: [lv]
- Lithuanian: [lt]
- Malay: [ms]
- Maltese: [mt]
- Norwegian:
- Polish: [pl]
- Portuguese: [pt]
- Romanian: [ro]
- Russian: [ru]
- Scots: [sco]
- Scottish Gaelic: [gd]
- Slovak: [sk]
- Slovene: [sl]
- Spanish: [es]
- Swahili: [sw]
- Swedish: [sv]
- Tamil: [ta]
- Telugu: [te] , [te]
- Ukrainian: [uk]
- Veps: [vep]
- Volapük: [vo]
- Võro: [vro]
- Votic: [vot]
[trans-bottom]
[used to indicated exponentiation]
- Albanian: [sq]
- Czech: [cs]
- Danish: [da] [the exponent is in the ordinal form]
- Dutch: [nl]
- Estonian: [et]
- Faroese: [fo]
- Finnish: [ordinal number of the exponent in illative case] , [fi] [+ number]
- French: [fr] , [fr]
- Galician: [gl]
- German: [de]
- Greek: [el]
- Hebrew: [he] [written together with the following word]
- Hungarian: [ordinal number of the exponent in superessive case]
- Icelandic: [is]
- Igbo: [ig]
- Indonesian: [id]
- Irish: [ga]
- Italian: [it] , [it]
- Ladin: [lld]
- Ladino: [lad]
- Latin: [lla]
- Latvian: [lv]
- Lithuanian: [lt]
- Maltese: [mt]
- Norwegian:
- Polish: [pl]
- Portuguese: [pt]
- Russian: [ru]
- Slovak: [sk]
- Slovene: [sl]
- Spanish: [es]
- Swedish: [sv]
- Tamil: [ta]
- Ukrainian: [uk]
- Veps: [vep]
- Volapük: [vo]
- Võro: [vro]
- Votic: [vot]
[trans-bottom]
[time: preceding]
- Albanian: [sq]
- Chinese:
- Czech: [cs]
- Danish: [da]
- Dutch: [nl]
- Estonian: [et]
- Faroese: [fo]
- Finnish: [fi] , [partitive of number +] [fi]
- French: [fr]
- Georgian: [ka]
- German: [de]
- Greek: [el]
- Hindi: [hi]
- Hungarian: [hu]
- Icelandic: [is]
- Igbo: [ig]
- Indonesian: [id]
- Ingrian: [izh]
- Irish: [ga] , [ga]
- Italian: [it] [+ definite article]
- Ladin: [lld]
- Ladino: [lad]
- Latin: [lla]
- Latvian: [lv]
- Lithuanian: [lt]
- Maltese: [mt]
- Norwegian:
- Persian: [fa]
- Polish: [pl]
- Portuguese: [pt]
- Russian: [ru]
- Slovak: [sk]
- Slovene: [sl]
- Spanish: [es] [Spain] , [es] [South America]
- Swahili: [sw]
- Swedish: [sv]
- Tamil: [ta] <small> _(Rarely used, in contrast with "time following" words such as quarter past and half past.)_ </small>
- Venetan: [vec] , [vec]
- Veps: [vep]
- Vietnamese: [vi]
- Volapük: [vo]
- Võro: [vro]
- Votic: [vot]
}} [trans-bottom]
[checktrans-top]
- Woiwurrung: [wyi]
[trans-bottom]
***** See also
- [en]
**** Adverb
[-]
1. [en] [en] Toward a closed, touching or engaging position.
2. * [Basa Sunda: Sons and Lovers/Chapter 12]
3. * [chapter=V]
4. [en] [en] Into the wind.
5. [en] .
***** Usage notes
The sense "toward a closed, touching or engaging position" is a regionalism
found in various parts of the UK and US.
***** Translations
[trans-top]{{multitrans|data=
- Albanian: [sq]
- Czech: [cs]
- Danish: [da]
- Dutch: [nl] , [nl]
- Estonian: [et]
- Faroese: [fo]
- Finnish: [fi] [closed, touching] , [fi] [engaging]
- French: [fr]
- German: [de]
- Greek: [el] + _articles_ , [el]
- Hungarian: [hu]
- Icelandic: [is]
- Igbo: [ig]
- Indonesian: [id]
- Irish: [ga]
- Italian: _not used in Italian_
- Ladin: [lld]
- Ladino: [lad]
- Latin: [lla]
- Latvian: [lv]
- Lithuanian: [lt]
- Maltese: [mt]
- Norwegian:
- Polish: [pl]
- Portuguese: [pt]
- Russian: [ru]
- Slovak: [sk]
- Slovene: [sl]
- Spanish: [es]
- Swahili: [sw]
- Swedish: [sv]
- Tamil: [ta]
- Veps: [vep]
- Volapük: [vo]
- Võro: [vro]
- Votic: [vot]
}} [trans-bottom]
***** See also
- [en]
- [en]
- here's to
- [en]
- [en]
- [en]
- [en]
*** Etymology 2
From [en].
**** Pronunciation
- [en]
**** Particle
[en-part]
1. [en] a filler word common amongst urban Indians.
*** References
- Andrea Tyler and Vyvyan Evans, "Spatial particles of orientation", in _The Semantics of English Prepositions: Spatial Scenes, Embodied Meaning and Cognition_ , Cambridge University Press, 2003, 0-521-81430 8
*** Anagrams
- [en]
[en]
** Abinomn
*** Noun
[bsa]
1. sago [tree]
** Asturian
*** Etymology
From [ast].
*** Adjective
[tos]
1. your
**** Related terms
- [ast]
** Babine-Witsuwit'en
*** Etymology
From [bcr].
*** Noun
[bcr]
1. water
*** References
- Sharon Hargus, _Wisuwit’en Grammar: Phonetics, Phonology, Morphology_ (2007), page 43 (see http://books.google.fr/books?hl=fr&id=4ixH2QBBqIkC&pg=PA43#v=onepage&q&f=false)
** Babuza
*** Etymology
[bzg]
*** Noun
[bzg]
1. [bzg] water
*** References
- Naoyoshi Ogawa, _English-Favorlang vocabulary_ (2003)
- S. Tsuchida, _A Comparative Vocabulary of Austronesian Languages of Sinicized Ethnic Groups in Taiwan, Part I: Western Taiwan_ , _Memoirs of the Faculty of Letters, No. 7_ (1982)
** Bahnar
*** Etymology
From [bdq], from [bdq]. Cognates include [vi], [km].
*** Pronunciation
- [bdq]
*** Pronoun
[bdq]
1. that , there
** Bambara
*** Noun
[bm]
1. stiff porridge
[bm]
** Catalan
*** Etymology
[ca], from [ca].[1] [1575].
*** Pronunciation
- [ò]
- [ca]
*** Noun
[m]
1. [ca] tone [specific pitch]
2. [ca] tone [pitch of a word]
3. tone or shade of a color
**** Derived terms
- [ca]
- [ca]
*** References
References:
[1]. [R:ca:GDLC]
[2]. [215]
*** Further reading
- [R:ca:IEC2]
- [R:ca:DNV]
- [R:ca:DCVB]
** Czech
*** Etymology
[cs] [cs].
*** Pronunciation
- [cs-IPA]
- [cs]
*** Pronoun
[cs]
1. [cs] : it , this , that
*** Further reading
- [R:cs:PSJC]
- [R:cs:SSJC]
- [R:cs:IJP]
** Dalmatian
*** Etymology
From [dlm]. Compare [it], [ro], [fur], [fr], [es].
*** Pronoun
[dlm]
1. your ; [second-person masculine singular possessive pronoun]
*** See also
- [dlm]
- [dlm]
- [dlm]
** Danish
[da]
*** Etymology 1
From [da], from [da], from [da].
The modern Danish form is a merger of the original East Old Norse accusative
masculine [non] and the nominative/accusative feminine [non] (West [non]).
The neuter [non] (West [non]) is preserved in the adverb [da].
**** Pronunciation
- [da]
**** Numeral
[da]
1. [da] two
*** Etymology 2
From [da], from [da], from [da].
**** Pronunciation
- [da]
**** Verb
[to]
1. [da] to wash
*** Conjugation
[to]
** Esperanto
*** Pronunciation
- [eo]
[eo-IPA]
*** Noun
[eo-head]
1. [eo]
*** See also
[list:Latin script letter names/eo]
** Ewe
*** Noun
[ee]
1. antelope
2. [ee] ear
3. father-in-law
4. mortar
5. mountain
*** Verb
[ee]
1. to crush
2. to pound
[ee]
** Finnish
*** Etymology
[fi].
*** Pronunciation
[fi-pronunciation]
*** Noun
[fi-noun]
1. Thu [abbreviation of Thursday]
** French
*** Pronunciation
- [fr-IPA]
- [fr]
- [fr]
*** Noun
[m]
1. [fr] variant of tô
** Friulian
*** Etymology
From [fur].
*** Pronoun
[fur]
1. [fur] your , thy ; of yours , of thine
2. [fur] yours , thine
3. [fur] yours , thine ; the thing belonging to you / thee
*** See also
- [fur]
- [fur]
- [fur]
- [fur]
- [fur]
** Fula
*** Preposition
[ff]
1. in , at , to
*** References
- [R:Bah 2014]
** Galician
*** Pronunciation
- [gl]
*** Interjection
[gl]
1. [interjection used to call dogs or cattle]
2. * {{ quote-text | gl | year=1820 | author=B. A. Fandiño | title=El Heráclito Español y Demócrito Gallego
|passage=_Meu señor santo Tomé,_<br>_tendes dous nomes nun só,_<br>_sodes
castrón polo mé,_<br>_é sodes cán polo TÓ ._ |translation=My good sir _Santo
Tomé_:<br>You have two names in just one,<br>You are a ram with the
"mé"<br>And a dog with the " TÓ"}}
*** References
- [R:gl:DDLG]
- [R:gl:TILG]
- [R:TLPGP]
** Garifuna
*** Article
[cab]
1. _feminine definite article_
**** Antonyms
- [cab]
** Gonja
*** Noun
[gjn]
1. language
*** References
- Mary E. Kropp Dakubu, _The Languages of Ghana_
** Gun
*** Etymology 1
Cognates include [fon], [sxw], [ajg]
**** Alternative forms
- [guw]
**** Pronunciation
- [guw]
**** Noun
[guw]
1. city , village , town , country
***** Derived terms
{{col3|guw |tòkpɛví <t:village> |tòɖàxó <t:city> |tòví <t:citizen> |tòxɔ̀
<t:city hall> |tòpẹví <t:village> |tòdàhó <t:city> |tòhọ̀ <t:city hall> }}
*** Etymology 2
Cognates include [fon]
**** Pronunciation
- [guw]
**** Particle
[guw]
1. A present progressive or habitual tense marker, only used before nouns.
*** Etymology 3
**** Pronunciation
- [guw]
**** Preposition
[guw]
1. in , at
*** Etymology 4
Cognates include [fon], [ajg]. Compare [yo], [ife]
**** Pronunciation
- [guw]
**** Verb
[guw]
1. to arrange , manage , organise
*** Etymology 5
From [guw].[2] Cognates include [fon], [sxw], [ajg], [ee]
**** Alternative forms
- [guw]
**** Pronunciation
- [guw]
**** Noun
[guw]
1. ear
***** Derived terms
{{col3|guw |ɖó tó <t:to hear> |tómɛ̀nú <t:earring> |dó tó <t:to hear> |tómẹ̀nú
<t:earring> }}
**** References
References:
[1]. [R:ca:GDLC]
[2]. [215]
** Hupa
*** Etymology
From [hup].
*** Pronunciation
- [hup]
*** Noun
[hup]
1. a body of water , such as a lake or ocean
*** References
- _The Phonology of the Hupa Language, part 1: The Individual Sounds, volume 5_ , by Roland Burrage Dixon, Samuel Alfred Barrett, Washington Matthews, Bill Ray (using the older orthography "tō")
- Victor Golla, _Hupa Language Dictionary Second Edition (see https://web.archive.org/web/20210623200146/https://humboldt-dspace.calstate.edu/bitstream/handle/2148/48/HupaLanguageDictionary.pdf?sequence=1) _ (1996), page 105 (to)
[hup]
** Ido
*** Pronoun
[io]
1. [io]
** Itene
*** Noun
[ite]
1. eye
*** References
- [162]
** Japanese
*** Romanization
[ja-romaji]
1. [ja]
** Kangean
*** Etymology
[kkv]
*** Pronunciation
- [kkv]
*** Noun
[kkv]
1. person ; individual
2. people
** Kashubian
*** Etymology
[csb] [csb].
*** Pronunciation
[csb-pr]
*** Pronoun
[csb]
1. [relative and interrogative pronoun] ; this , that
*** Further reading
- [+]
** Kituba
*** Conjunction
[ktu]
1. or
** Kongo
*** Conjunction
[kg]
1. or
** Kwalhioqua-Tlatskanai
*** Alternative forms
- [qwt]
*** Etymology
From [qwt].
*** Noun
[qwt]
1. water
*** References
- Franz Boas, Pline Early Goddard, _Vocabulary of an Athapascan dialect of the State of Washington_ , IJAL volume III, pages 39-45 (1924-1925)
** Latvian
*** Pronoun
[lv]
1. that ; [lv]
2. with that ; [lv]
3. of that ; [lv]
4. that ; [lv]
5. with that ; [lv]
6. of that ; [lv]
** Lithuanian
*** Pronoun
[lt]
1. that ; [lt]
** Louisiana Creole
*** Etymology
Inherited from [lou].
*** Pronunciation
- [lou]
- [lou]
- [lou]
*** Pronoun
[lou]
1. you [singular] , thou
**** Derived terms
- [lou] [lou]
** Lower Sorbian
*** Pronunciation
- [dsb]
*** Pronoun
[dsb]
1. this
*** Determiner
[dsb]
1. [dsb]
2. [dsb]
** Mauritian Creole
*** Etymology
From [mfe].
*** Pronoun
[mfe]
1. you [second-person singular nominative personal pronoun]
*** See also
[mfe-personal pronouns]
** Middle English
*** Etymology 1
[enm] From [enm], [ang], from [enm], from [enm].
**** Alternative forms
- [enm] ; [enm] ; [enm]
**** Pronunciation
- [enm]
- [enm]
**** Noun
[pl2=ton]
1. [enm] toe
***** Related terms
- [enm]
***** Descendants
- [en]
- [sco]
- [yol]
***** References
- [tō]
*** Etymology 2
From [enm], [ang], [ang], from [enm], [gem-pro].
**** Pronunciation
- [enm]
- [enm]
**** Particle
[enm]
1. to [infinitive marker]
***** Alternative forms
- [enm] ; [enm] ; [enm]
***** Descendants
- [en]
- [sco]
***** References
- [tọ̄̆]
**** Preposition
[enm]
1. to
***** Alternative forms
- [enm] ; [enm] ; [enm]
***** Descendants
- [en]
- [sco]
- [yol]
***** References
- [tọ̄̆]
**** Adverb
[enm-adv]
1. to
***** Alternative forms
- [enm]
***** Descendants
- [en]
- [sco]
***** References
- [tọ̄]
**** Adverb
[enm-adv]
1. too
***** Alternative forms
- [enm] ; [enm]
***** Descendants
- [en]
- [sco]
- [yol]
***** References
- [tọ̄]
**** Conjunction
[enm]
1. until
2. while
3. so that
***** References
- [tọ̄̆]
*** Etymology 3
Shortening of [enm].
**** Pronoun
[enm]
1. the one (of two)
***** Alternative forms
- [enm] ; [enm]
** Mohawk
*** Particle
[moh]
1. [moh]
** Norwegian Bokmål
[nb]
*** Etymology
From [nb], accusative case of [non], from [nb], from [nb].
*** Pronunciation
- [nb]
*** Numeral
[nb]
1. [nb] two
**** Derived terms
{{col|nb |todelt |todimensjonal |tofarget |tomannsbolig |tospråklig |toåring
}}
*** References
- [R:The Bokmål Dictionary]
** Norwegian Nynorsk
[nn]
*** Alternative forms
- [nn]
*** Pronunciation
- [nn]
*** Etymology 1
From [nn], accusative case of [non], from [nn], from [nn].
**** Numeral
[nn]
1. [nn] two
***** Derived terms
- [nn]
- [nn]
- [nn]
- [nn]
- [nn]
*** Etymology 2
From [nn].
**** Noun
[nn-noun-n1]
1. fabric
2. [nn] ability , nature
*** Etymology 3
From [nn].
**** Noun
[f]
1. [nn]
*** References
- [R:The Nynorsk Dictionary]
*** Anagrams
- [nn]
[nn]
** Old Czech
*** Etymology
[zlw-ocs] [zlw-ocs].
*** Pronoun
[zlw-ocs]
1. [zlw-ocs] : it , this , that
**** Descendants
- [cs]
*** References
- [+]
[zlw-ocs]
** Old English
*** Alternative forms
- [ang]
*** Etymology
From [ang], from [ang], [gem-pro], from [ang], [ine-pro]. Cognate with [osx],
[goh], [sga].
*** Pronunciation
- [tō]
*** Preposition
[head=tō]
1. to , into
2. * [ang]
3. towards
4. * LATE 10TH CENTURY , 吴语: Ælfric of Eynsham , "Chair of Saint Peter" (see https://archive.org/details/aelfricslivesof01aelf/page/220/mode/2up?q=)
5. *: [ang]
6. * '' Homilies of the Anglo-Saxon Church (see https://books.google.com/books?id=m2hVAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA508#v=onepage&q&f=false)
7. *: [ang]
8. at
9. [ang] used to mark the infinitive (supine) of the verb
10. * '' Homilies of the Anglo-Saxon Church (see https://books.google.com/books?id=m2hVAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA488#v=onepage&q&f=false)
11. *: [ang]
12. * LATE 9TH CENTURY , translation (see https://archive.org/details/kingalfredsorosi79oros/page/42/mode/2up?view=theater) of 吴语: Orosius _History Against the Pagans_
13. *: [ang]
14. as (In the role of)
15. * [Blickling Homilies] , "The Dedication of St. Michael's Church" (see https://www.helsinkicorpus.arts.gla.ac.uk/browse.py?params=false&pln=true&fs=160&format=html&pb=true&toc=author&highlight=&text=blick17)
16. *: [ang]
*** Adverb
[tō]
1. besides
2. in addition, also , too ; moreover
3. to an excessive degree; too
4. * [ang]
**** Descendants
- [enm]
- [en]
- [en-geo]
- [sco]
** Old High German
*** Preposition
[goh]
1. [goh]
** Old Polish
*** Etymology
[zlw-opl] [zlw-opl]. [14th century].
*** Pronunciation
- [zlw-opl-IPA]
*** Particle
[zlw-opl]
1. [intensifying particle]
*** Pronoun
[zlw-opl]
1. [relative and interrogative pronoun] ; this , that
2. [possessive pronoun]
3. [indeterminate pronoun] ; this , that
4. [introduction pronoun] ; this
*** Conjunction
[zlw-opl]
1. then [in that case, used in if constructions]
2. [clarifies a statement] ; namely
3. [resultative conjunction] ; so
4. [secondary clause equivalent in superordinate clauses]
**** Descendants
- [pl]
- [szl]
*** References
- [R:zlw-opl:SPJSP]
[zlw-opl]
** Old Saxon
*** Alternative forms
- [osx]
*** Etymology
[osx], whence also [ang] and [goh]
*** Preposition
[osx]
1. [en]
2. as (In the role of)
3. * 9TH C. _[Heliand]_ , verse 60-64
4. *: [osx]
**** Descendants
- [gml]
- [nds]
- [pdt]
- [osx]
- [gml]
** Plautdietsch
*** Etymology
From [pdt], from [pdt], from [pdt].
*** Preposition
[pdt]
1. [en]
**** Derived terms
- [pdt]
** Polish
*** Etymology
[pl] [pl]. Cognate with [cs], [ru], [grc], [de], [de], [en].
*** Pronunciation
[a=Pl-to.ogg;LL-Q809 (pol)-Olaf-to.wav;LL-Q809 (pol)-Gower-to.wav;LL-Q809
(pol)-Krokus-to.wav]
*** Conjunction
[pl]
1. [pl] be [used to attribute to the known object a characteristic that helps one know more about the topic; may optionally be followed by [pl]]
2. [used to juxtapose elements that are equivalent]
3. [used to indicate that the subject of the conversation has peculiarities which are familiar to the interlocutors, so that nothing else needs to be said about it in order to understand the topic]
4. in that case , then
**** Derived terms
[pl]
*** Particle
[pl]
1. [used to indicate what one is talking about]
2. [used to indicate what can be said about the topic, in contrast to all that cannot be said about it]
3. so [(used after a pause for thought to introduce a new topic, question, or story, or a new thought or question in continuation of an existing topic)]
4. [used to indicate that the topic in the relevant question refers to a known set of elements from which a choice has to be made]
5. [used to express surprise that something is indeed like that as the speaker did not think it could really be so]
6. [pl] [used to indicate that the topic refers to a known object, mentioned in the preceding statement]
7. [pl] [used to indicate that what someone has said about the topic is a fait accompli and should no longer be discussed]
*** Pronoun
[pl]
1. this [nearby, neuter]
2. [used to point to the object to which the sentence refers]
**** Declension
{{pl-decl-noun |to|te |tego|tych |temu|tym/tem (archaic) |to|te
|tym/tem|tymi/temi (archaic) |tym/tem|tych |to|te }}
**** Derived terms
[pl] [pl]
*** Trivia
[655]
*** References
[reflist]
*** Further reading
- [R:pl:WSJP]
- [R:pl:PWN]
- [TO I]
- [TO II]
- [R:pl:SJP1807]
- [R:pl:SJP1861]
- [72]
[pl]
** Portuguese
*** Pronunciation
[pt-IPA]
- [pt]
- [pt]
*** Contraction
[pt]
1. [pt]
** Selepet
*** Noun
[spl]
1. water
*** References
- K. A. McElhanon, _Selepet grammar_ (1972)
- William A. Foley, _The Papuan Languages of New Guinea_ (1986, [0521286212] , page 257
** Serbo-Croatian
*** Pronunciation
- [sh]
*** Pronoun
[tȏ]
1. [sh]
2. [sh]
** Silesian
*** Etymology
[szl] [szl].
*** Pronunciation
[a=LL-Q30319 (szl)-Vxern-#.wav]
*** Pronoun
[szl]
1. this [nearby, neuter]
2. [used to point to the object to which the sentence refers]
*** Particle
[szl]
1. [intensifier particle in questions]
*** Conjunction
[szl]
1. in that case , then [(used in if-constructions)]
*** Further reading
- [R:szl:silling]
[szl]
** Slovak
*** Etymology
[sk].
*** Pronoun
[sk]
1. [sk] : it , this , that
** Slovene
*** Pronunciation
- [tọ̑]
*** Pronoun
[sl]
1. [sl]
** Tocharian B
*** Etymology
From [txb], from the root [ine-pro].
*** Noun
[m]
1. (detatchable) body hair on the human body (especially pubic hair )
** Tooro
*** Etymology
From [ttj].
*** Pronunciation
- [ttj]
*** Adjective
[ttj-adj]
1. young
**** Declension
[ttj-decl-aug]
*** References
- [7185]
- [page=373]
** Tututni
*** Etymology
From [tuu].
*** Noun
[tuu]
1. [tuu] water
*** References
- Victor Golla, _Tututni (Oregon Athapaskan)_ , _International Journal of American Linguistics_ , volume 42:3 (July 1976), pages 217-227
** Uzbek
*** Etymology
[uz].
*** Noun
[uz-noun]
1. the Arabic letter [mul] [uz]
**** Declension
[uz-decl-noun]
** Vietnamese
*** Etymology
Compare [th], [lo], [khb].
*** Pronunciation
[vi-IPA]
*** Adjective
[蘇, 𡚢 , 𫰅 , 𡚡]
1. big , large
2. great , considerable
3. loud
**** Usage notes
- In many situations, this word and [vi] are interchangeable:
- However, for body parts, it seems like only _to_ is used:
**** See also
- [vi] ; [vi]
[vi]
** Votic
*** Etymology
Borrowed from [vot].
*** Pronunciation
[vot-p]
*** Conjunction
[vot]
1. (if ...) then
2. or else
*** References
- [to]
** Welsh
*** Etymology
From [cy].
*** Pronunciation
- [cy]
- [cy]
*** Noun
[m]
1. roof
**** Derived terms
{{col|cy |adar y to<t:house sparrows> |bondo<t:eaves> |gwallt to<t:combover>
|rhoi'r ffidil yn y to<t:to give up><lit:to put the fiddle in the roof> |to
bach<t:circumflex> |to gwellt<t:thatched roof> |toi<t:to roof, to tile, to
thatch> }}
*** Mutation
[cy-mut]
** Yola
*** Particle
[yol]
1. [yol]
2. * [yol]
3. * [yol]
4. * [yol]
*** Preposition
[yol]
1. [yol]
2. * [yol]
3. * [yol]
*** References
- [page=31]
** Yoruba
*** Etymology 1
**** Pronunciation
- [tò]
**** Verb
[tò]
1. [yo] to arrange , to line up
2. [yo] to order , to put things in order
3. [yo] to become ordered , to become arranged
***** Usage notes
- TO before a direct object
***** Derived terms
{{col3|yo |títò<t:ordering> |ètò<t:process> |ìtò |atò |to eegun }}
*** Etymology 2
**** Pronunciation
- [tò]
**** Verb
[tò]
1. [yo] to talk incessantly ; to gossip
***** Usage notes
- TO before a direct object
***** Derived terms
- [yo]
- [yo]
*** Etymology 3
**** Pronunciation
- [tó]
**** Verb
[tó]
1. [yo] to be enough , to be worthy , to be sufficient , to amount to
2. [yo] to be comparable to
***** Usage notes
- It is a common verb in Yoruba names affirming the worthiness of entities like the orisha . (Ex. [yo] ).
***** Derived terms
- [yo]
- [yo]
*** Etymology 4
**** Pronunciation
- [tó]
**** Verb
[tó]
1. to reach up to
2. to be visible , to be comprehensible
** Zazaki
*** Etymology
From [zza], from [zza]. Related to [fa].
*** Pronoun
[zza]
1. [zza] you (sg., acc.)