From en.wiktionary.org:
** English
[wikipedia]
*** Alternative forms
- [en] [obsolete]
*** Etymology
From [en], [enm], from [en], [ang], borrowed from [en], from [la]. Compare
also [fr]. [en]. See [en].
*** Pronunciation
- [en]
- [en]
- [en]
- [en]
*** Noun
[~]
1. A general tendency or orientation towards a certain type of mood , a volatile state; a habitual way of thinking , behaving or reacting .
2. * [V]
3. * [part=IV]
4. * [book=4]
5. * [chapter=4]
6. * [chapter=26]
7. * [chapter=2]
8. State of mind; mood.
9. * [book=9]
10. * [page=193]
11. * [volume=III]
12. * [chapter=29]
13. * {{ quote-book | en | year=1950 | author=w:Nevil Shute | title=w:A Town Like Alice | location=London | publisher=Heinemann | year_published=1952 | chapter=3 | page=94 | url=https://www.fadedpage.com/books/20120110/html.php
|passage=She bowed to him, to put him in a good TEMPER.}}
1. A tendency to become angry .
2. * {{ quote-text | en | year=1909 | author=w:Lucy Maud Montgomery | title=w:Anne of Avonlea | url=http://www.gutenberg.org/files/47/47-h/47-h.htm | chapter=3
|passage=“I guess you’ve got a spice of TEMPER,” commented Mr. Harrison,
surveying the flushed cheeks and indignant eyes opposite him.}}
1. * {{ quote-text | en | year=1958 | author=w:Graham Greene | title=w:Our Man in Havana | url=https://archive.org/details/ourmaninhavanaen00gree | chapter=5 | publisher=Penguin | year_published=1969
|passage=‘What a TEMPER you’ve got, Wormold.’<br>‘I’m sorry. Drink takes me
that way.’}}
1. * {{ quote-book | en | year=2013 | author=w:J. M. Coetzee | title=w:The Childhood of Jesus | location=London | publisher=Harvill Secker | chapter=28 | page=251 | url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=NhPDhl0yABIC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false
|passage=His criticism of Inés makes him bristle. Nonetheless, he holds his
TEMPER in check.}}
1. Anger ; a fit of anger .
2. * {{ quote-text | en | year=1919 | author=w:Henry Blake Fuller | title= [Bertram Cope's Year] | url=http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/8101/pg8101-images.html | chapter=28
|passage=Hortense remained for several days in a condition of sullen anger—she
was a cloud lit up by occasional unaccountable flashes of TEMPER.}}
1. * {{ quote-book | en | year=1953 | author=w:C. S. Lewis | title=w:The Silver Chair | location=London | publisher=Geoffrey Bles | year_published=1965 | chapter=1 | pageurl=https://www.fadedpage.com/books/201410B0/html.php
|passage=Jill suddenly flew into a TEMPER (which is quite a likely thing to
happen if you have been interrupted in a cry).}}
1. * {{ quote-text | en | year=1999 | author=w:Colm Tóibín | title=w:The Blackwater Lightship | url=https://archive.org/details/blackwaterlights00toib | chapter=4 | page=110 | publisher=Scribner | location=New York
|passage=[...] she banged the door as she left as though in TEMPER and walked
to her car.}}
1. Calmness of mind; moderation ; equanimity ; composure .
2. * [page=75]
3. * [epistle=IV]
4. * [chapter=22]
5. * [volume=I]
6. * [chapter=8]
7. [en] Constitution of body; the mixture or relative proportion of the four humour s: blood , choler , phlegm , and melancholy .
8. * {{ quote-book | en | year=1650 | author=w:Thomas Fuller | title=A Pisgah-Sight of Palestine and the Confines Thereof | location=London | publisher=John Williams | section=Book 3, Chapter 12, p. 345 | url=http://name.umdl.umich.edu/A40681.0001.001
|passage=[...] it is hard to say, whether [Christ’s] pain was more shamefull,
or his shame more painfull unto him: the exquisiteness of his bodily TEMPER,
increasing the exquisiteness of his torment, and the ingenuity of his Soul,
adding to his sensibleness of the indignities and affronts offered until
him.}}
1. Middle state or course; mean; medium.
2. * [volume=3]
3. The state of any compound substance which results from the mixture of various ingredients; due mixture of different qualities.
4. The heat treatment to which a metal or other material has been subjected ; a material that has undergone a particular heat treatment..
5. The state of a metal or other substance, especially as to its hardness, produced by some process of heating or cooling.
6. * [II]
7. [en] Milk of lime, or other substance, employed in the process formerly used to clarify sugar.
8. * 1803 , John Browne Cutting, “A Succinct History of Jamaica” in [Robert Charles Dallas] , _The History of the Maroons_ , London: Longman and Rees, Volume 1, pp. [nbsp] xciv-xcv, <sup> see https://archive.org/details/cihm_44228 </sup>
9. *: All cane juice is liable to rapid fermentation. As soon, therefore, as the clarifier is filled, the fire is lighted, and the TEMPER (white lime of Bristol) is stirred into it. The alkali of the lime having neutralized its superabundant acid, a part of it becomes the basis of the sugar.
10. [en] A non-plastic material, such as sand, added to clay to prevent shrinkage and cracking during drying or firing; tempering .
**** Synonyms
- [tendency of mood] [en] , [en]
- [(fit of) anger] [en]
**** Coordinate terms
- [Heat treatment] [en]
**** Derived terms
{{col3|en |bad-tempered |even-tempered|temper of the times| bad temper
|good-tempered |hot-tempered |ill-tempered| keep one's temper |lose one's
temper |out of temper |quick-tempered |short temper |short-tempered
|sweet-tempered |temper foam |temper screw |tempersome |temper tantrum |temper
temper }}
**** Related terms
- [en]
- [en]
- [en]
- [en]
- [en]
**** Translations
[tendency to be of a certain type of mood]
- Armenian: [hy]
- Azerbaijani: [az] , [az]
- Bulgarian: [bg] , [bg]
- Catalan: [ca]
- Chinese:
- Danish: [da]
- Esperanto: [eo]
- Finnish: [fi] , [fi] , [fi] , [fi]
- French: [fr] , [fr]
- Galician: [gl] , [gl] , [gl]
- German: [de] , [de] , [de]
- Hungarian: [hu] , [hu]
- Italian: [it] , [it]
- Portuguese: [pt]
- Romanian: [ro] , [ro]
- Russian: [ru] , [ru] , [ru]
- Shor: [cjs]
- Spanish: [es] , [es]
- Swedish: [sv]
- Welsh: [cy]
- Zulu: [zu]
[trans-bottom]
[state of mind]
- Azerbaijani: [az]
- Bulgarian: [bg]
- Chinese:
- Danish: [da] , [da] , [da]
- Dutch: [nl] , [nl]
- Esperanto: [eo]
- Finnish: [fi] , [fi] , [fi]
- French: [fr] , [fr]
- German: [de]
- Hebrew: [he]
- Hungarian: [hu]
- Portuguese: [pt]
- Romanian: [ro] , [ro] , [ro]
- Russian: [ru] , [ru]
- Serbo-Croatian: [sh]
[trans-bottom]
[anger]
[calmness of mind; moderation; equanimity; composure]
- Hungarian: [hu] , [hu] , [hu]
[trans-bottom]
[heat treatment]
- Bulgarian: [bg] , [bg]
- Catalan: [ca]
- Chinese:
- Dutch: [nl]
- Esperanto: [eo]
- Finnish: [fi] , [fi]
- French: [fr]
- German: [de] , [de]
- Portuguese: [pt]
- Romanian: [ro]
- Spanish: [es]
- Tagalog: [tl]
[trans-bottom]
*** Verb
[en-verb]
1. To moderate or control .
2. * [en]
3. To strengthen or toughen a material, especially metal, by heat treatment; anneal .
4. * [Aeneis]
5. [en] To adjust the temperature of an ingredient (e.g. eggs or chocolate) gradually so that it remains smooth and pleasing.
6. To sauté spice s in ghee or oil to release essential oil s for flavouring a dish in South Asia n cuisine.
7. To mix clay , plaster or mortar with water to obtain the proper consistency .
8. [en] To adjust , as the mathematical scale to the actual scale, or to that in actual use.
9. [en] To govern ; to manage .
10. * [poem=Prosopopoia]
11. [en] To combine in due proportions; to constitute ; to compose .
12. * [3]
13. [en] To mingle in due proportion; to prepare by combining; to modify, as by adding some new element; to qualify, as by an ingredient; hence, to soften ; to mollify ; to assuage .
14. * [RQ:Bancroft United States] , Volume 2
15. *: [en]
16. * 1682 (first performance), [Thomas Otway] , _[Venice Preserv'd]_
17. *: Woman! lovely woman! nature made thee / To TEMPER man: we had been brutes without you.
18. * [text=But thy fire / Shall be more TEMPERED , and thy hope far higher.]
19. * {{ quote-journal | en | year=1709 | author=w:Joseph Addison | journal=The Tatler | issue=100
|passage=She [the Goddess of Justice] threw darkness and clouds about her,
that TEMPERED the light into a thousand beautiful shades and colours.}}
1. [en] To fit together; to adjust; to accommodate.
2. * [Wisdom of Solomon]
**** Derived terms
{{col|en |mistemper |nontempering |retemper |temperable |temperedness
|temperer |tempering |untemper |untempered |well-tempered }}
**** Translations
[to moderate or control]
- Bulgarian: [bg]
- Catalan: [ca]
- Chinese:
- Dutch: [nl]
- Esperanto: [eo] , [eo]
- Finnish: [fi] , [fi]
- Galician: [gl] , [gl]
- German: [de]
- Maori: [mi]
- Old English: [ang]
- Portuguese: [pt] , [pt] , [pt] , [pt]
- Romanian: [ro] , [ro] , [ro] , [ro]
- Russian: [ru] , [ru]
- Spanish: [es] , [es] , [es]
- Swedish: [sv] , [sv]
[trans-bottom]
[to strengthen or toughen by heat treatment]
- Bulgarian: [bg] , [bg]
- Chinese:
- Esperanto: [eo]
- Finnish: [fi] , [fi]
- French: [fr]
- Galician: [gl]
- Hebrew: [he]
- Japanese: [ja]
- Maori: [mi] , [mi]
- Portuguese: [pt]
- Romanian: [ro] , [ro]
- Russian: [ru] , [ru]
- Serbo-Croatian: [sh]
- Spanish: [es]
- Swedish: [sv] , [sv]
- Tagalog: [tl]
- Vietnamese: [vi] , [vi] , [vi]
[trans-bottom]
[to sauté spices]
- Finnish: [fi]
[trans-bottom]
[to mix with water to obtain proper consistency]
- Chinese:
- Finnish: [fi]
- Romanian: [ro]
[trans-bottom]
[music: to adjust a scale]
- Bulgarian: [bg]
- Finnish: [fi]
[trans-bottom]
*** Further reading
- [R:Webster 1913]
- [R:Century 1911]
*** Anagrams
- [en]
[en]