From en.wiktionary.org:
[Appendix:Variations of "sum"] [minitoc]
** Translingual
*** Etymology
[mul] [mul].
*** Symbol
[mul-symbol]
1. [3]
** English
*** Pronunciation
- [sŭm] , [en]
- [en]
- [en]
- [en]
*** Etymology 1
From [en], from [en], from [en], from [la].
**** Noun
[en-noun]
1. A quantity obtained by addition or aggregation .
2. * [Numbers]
3. * [en]
4. [en] An arithmetic computation, especially one posed to a student as an exercise (not necessarily limited to addition ).
5. * [The Emigrants]
6. * [en]
7. A quantity of money .
8. * [Acts]
9. * [en]
10. A summary ; the principal points or thoughts when viewed together; the substance .
11. A central idea or point; gist .
12. [en] The utmost degree; the greatest or most perfect realization (of some concept).
13. * [book=VII]
14. * [en]
15. [en] An old English measure of corn equal to the quarter .
16. * {{ quote-text | en | year=1882 | author=James Edwin Thorold Rogers | title=A History of Agriculture and Prices in England | volume=4 | page=207
|passage=The SUM is also used for the quarter, and the strike for the
bushel.}}
***** Hyponyms
{{col3|en |checksum |empty sum |nullary sum }}
***** Derived terms
{{col2|en |checksum |zero-sum|formal sum |sum up|Appell-Lerch sum|Ramanujan's
sum|sum of best | Abel sum|digit sum|direct sum|in sum|linear sum|lump
sum|Murasugi sum|negative-sum|partial sum|positive-sum|princely sum|rank
sum|residual sum of squares|Riemann sum|ring sum normal form|sum and
substance|sum assured|sum of its parts|sum of parts|sum-total|sum-up|vector
sum|wedge sum|zero-sum game}}
***** Related terms
{{col4|en|title=Terms etymologically related to _sum_ |summand |summary
|summation |summative }}
***** Translations
[quantity obtained by addition or aggregation]
- Albanian: [sq]
- Arabic: [ar]
- Armenian: [hy]
- Asturian: [ast]
- Bashkir: [ba]
- Belarusian: [be]
- Bulgarian: [bg] , [bg]
- Catalan: [ca]
- Cebuano: [ceb] , [ceb]
- Chinese:
- Czech: [cs]
- Dutch: [nl]
- Finnish: [fi]
- French: [fr]
- Galician: [gl]
- Georgian: [ka]
- German: [de]
- Greek: [el]
- Hebrew: [he]
- Hungarian: [hu]
- Icelandic: [is] , [is]
- Ingrian: [izh]
- Italian: [it]
- Japanese: [ja]
- Khmer: [km]
- Korean: [ko] , [ko]
- Latin: [la]
- Macedonian: [mk] , [mk]
- Malay: [ms] , [ms]
- Malayalam: [ml]
- Maori: [mi] , [mi]
- Norwegian:
- Oromo: [om]
- Persian: [fa]
- Plautdietsch: [pdt]
- Polish: [pl]
- Portuguese: [pt]
- Quechua: [qu]
- Romanian: [ro]
- Russian: [ru]
- Scottish Gaelic: [gd]
- Serbo-Croatian: [sh]
- Slovak: [sk]
- Slovene: [sl]
- Spanish: [es] , [es]
- Swahili: [sw]
- Swedish: [sv]
- Tagalog: [tl]
- Tibetan: [bo] , [bo] , [bo] , [bo]
- Turkish: [tr] , [tr]
- Ugaritic: [uga]
- Ukrainian: [uk]
- Vietnamese: [vi]
[trans-bottom]
[arithmetic problem]
- Albanian : [sq]
- Bulgarian: [bg]
- Dutch: [nl] , [nl]
- Finnish: [fi]
- French: [fr]
- Greek: [el]
- Italian: [it]
- Norwegian:
- Polish: [pl]
- Portuguese: [pt] , [pt]
- Romanian: [ro]
- Russian: [ru]
- Swedish: [sv] , [sv] , [sv]
[trans-bottom]
[quantity of money]
- Arabic: [ar]
- Armenian: [hy]
- Bulgarian: [bg]
- Catalan: [ca]
- Cebuano: [ceb]
- Chinese:
- Czech: [cs] , [cs]
- Dutch: [nl]
- Finnish: [fi]
- French: [fr]
- Galician: [gl]
- Georgian: [ka] , [ka]
- German: [de]
- Greek: [el]
- Hebrew: [he]
- Icelandic: [is]
- Ingrian: [izh]
- Italian: [it]
- Japanese: [ja]
- Korean: [ko] , [ko]
- Malayalam: [ml]
- Maori: [mi]
- Norwegian:
- Polish: [pl]
- Portuguese: [pt]
- Romanian: [ro]
- Russian: [ru]
- Scottish Gaelic: [gd]
- Spanish: [es] , [es]
- Swedish: [sv] , [sv]
- Tibetan: [bo] , [bo]
- Turkish: [tr]
[trans-bottom]
[summary]
[central idea or point]
- Bulgarian: [bg]
- Latin: [la]
- Russian: [ru]
- Swedish: [sv] , [sv]
[trans-bottom]
[summit]
[_obsolete_ : old English measure of corn]
- Latin: [la]
[trans-bottom]
[checktrans-top]
- Telugu: [te] , [te] , [te]
[trans-bottom]
***** See also
[arithmetic operations]
**** Verb
[en-verb]
1. [en] To add together.
2. * {{ quote-book | en | year=2005 | author=w:Plato | title=Sophist | translator=Lesley Brown | page=250b
|passage=_when you say that stability and change are, it's because you're
SUMMING them up together as embraced by it, and taking note of the communion
each of them has with being._}}
1. [en] To give a summary of.
***** Translations
[to add together]
- Albanian : [sq] , [sq] (gheg)
- Bulgarian: [bg] , [bg]
- Dutch: [nl] , [nl]
- Finnish: [fi] , [fi] [old] , [fi]
- French: [fr]
- Georgian: [ka]
- German: [de]
- Greek: [el]
- Italian: [it]
- Polish: [pl] , [pl] , [pl]
- Portuguese: [pt]
- Russian: [ru] , [ru] , [ru]
- Spanish: [es]
- Swedish: [sv] , [sv]
- Turkish: [tr]
[trans-bottom]
[give a summary of]
**** References
- [pedia]
*** Etymology 2
[Som (currency)] [Kyrgyzstani som] [Uzbekistani sum] Borrowed from [en], [en],
[en], and [en], all of which have the core signification “pure”, used in
elliptical reference to historical coins of pure gold.
**** Alternative forms
- [en]
**** Noun
[s]<!--are these the same thing?-->
1. The basic unit of money in Kyrgyzstan .
2. The basic unit of money in Uzbekistan .
***** Translations
[basic unit of money in Kyrgyzstan]
- Estonian: [et]
- Kazakh: [kk]
- Swedish: [sv]
- Ukrainian: [uk]
- Uyghur: [ug]
[trans-bottom]
[basic unit of money in Uzbekistan]
- Estonian: [et]
- Kazakh: [kk]
- Russian: [ru]
- Swedish: [sv]
- Uyghur: [ug]
[trans-bottom]
*** Etymology 3
**** Multiple parts of speech
[PAGENAME]
1. [en] [en] .
2. * [en]
3. [en] [en] .
4. * [en]
5. * [en]
6. * [en]
7. * [en]
8. * [en]
*** Etymology 4
[Sum (country subdivision)] From [en], from [en]. Ultimately from [en].
**** Alternative forms
- [en]
- [en]
- [en]
**** Noun
[en-noun]
1. A type of administrative district used in China, Mongolia, and Russia. In Mongolia, a sum is smaller than a province . In China, it is only used in Inner Mongolia , where it is equivalent to a township .
*** Further reading
- [R:Webster 1913]
- [R:Century 1911]
- [R:OneLook]
*** See also
[en]
*** Anagrams
- [en]
[en]
** Aromanian
*** Alternative forms
- [rup]
*** Etymology
From [rup], from [la]. Compare [ro].
*** Preposition
[rup]
1. under
** Czech
*** Etymology 1
**** Noun
[cs]
1. [cs]
*** Etymology 2
**** Noun
[cs]
1. [cs]
** Danish
*** Etymology
From [da].
*** Noun
[en]
1. a [en] ( _addition or aggregation_ )
2. a [en] ( _amount of money_ )
** Faroese
*** Etymology
From [fo].
*** Pronunciation
- [fo]
- [fo]
*** Conjunction
[fo]
1. like , as
2. when , as
*** Particle
[fo]
1. that , who , which
**** Synonyms
- [fo]
** Gothic
*** Romanization
[got-rom]
1. [got]
** Hausa
*** Pronunciation
- [sùm]
*** Ideophone
[ideophone]
1. [ha]
** Icelandic
*** Pronunciation
- [is]
*** Adjective
[is]
1. [is]
** Kavalan
*** Noun
[ckv]
1. urine
[ckv]
** Khalaj
[a= سُم]
*** Alternative forms
- [klj]
*** Etymology
From [klj].
*** Pronunciation
- [klj]
*** Noun
[klj-noun]
1. hoof
**** Declension
[u]
*** References
- [R:klj:Materials]
** Latin
*** Pronunciation
- [sum]
*** Etymology 1
[la] From [la], from [la] + [ine-pro]. From the latter of the two derive all
the /f-/ forms of Latin [la] (including [la]), the separate verb [la], and the
verb-endings [la] (future) and [la] (past imperfect). Clipped conjugations
with /s-/, such as [la] itself, occurred alongside more conservative
equivalents with /es-/ in early Latin, such as the archaic [la]. The clipped
forms likely arose as unstressed clitics.[1]
**** Alternative forms
- [la]
- [la]
- [la]
{{col|la|title=Archaic conjugations |esam |esat |esed |eso |essis |fueit
|fuvimus |fuvisset |fuvit |siēd }}
**** Verb
[irreg]
1. [la] to be , exist
1. to belong [la]
2. * [la]
3. * [la]
4. * [la]
5. * [la]
6. * [la]
7. * [la]
8. [la] there be
9. * [la]
10. [la] to go
11. * [la]
12. [la] be
13. * [la]
***** Conjugation
[irreg]
***** Derived terms
{{col4 |la|absum |adsum |coest |dēsum |ēns |essentia |id est |īnsum |intersum
|mihi nōmen est |nōn semper Sāturnālia erunt |obsum |possum |praesum |prōsum
|quid tibi est |quid est |quid est nōmen tibi |sōns |subsum |sum ubi |supersum
|unde es }}
***** Descendants
[Citation forms mostly from the late infinitive [la] .] [top3]
- Balkan Romance: [blended with [la]]
- [ruq]
- [rup]
- [ruo]
- [ro]
- Italo-Romance:
- [co]
- [sdn]
- [it]
- [itk]
- [nap]
- [nap]
- [sdc]
- [scn]
- Insular Romance:
- [sc]
- Padanian:
- Gallo-Italic:
- [egl]
- [ist]
- [lij]
- [lmo]
- [pms]
- [rgn]
- [fur]
- [lld]
- [rm]
- [vec]
- Gallo-Romance:
- [ca]
- [frp]
- [fro] [see desc]
- [oc]
- Ibero-Romance: [blended with [la]]
- [mxi]
- [roa-opt]
- [roa-ole]
- [ast]
- [roa-leo]
- [mwl]
- [ext]
- [osp]
- [ca]
- Borrowings:
- [en]
- [de]
[bottom]
**** References
References:
[1]. [en] See also Joseph and Wallace (1987: 687), Dunkel (1998: 89), Meiser (1998: 221), Baldi (1999), Bammesberger (2004), Clackson and Horrocks (2007: 66), Weiss (2009: 425).
[2]. [head=so-]
**** Further reading
- [sum¹]
- [R:Elementary Lewis]
- [1 sum]
- [R:M&A]
- [R:Cassells]
- [R:du Cange]
*** Etymology 2
From the acc.sg.m. of [la]. Attested in 吴语: Ennius, see also [la] and
[la].[2]
**** Pronoun
[la] [la]
1. him
**** References
References:
[1]. [en] See also Joseph and Wallace (1987: 687), Dunkel (1998: 89), Meiser (1998: 221), Baldi (1999), Bammesberger (2004), Clackson and Horrocks (2007: 66), Weiss (2009: 425).
[2]. [head=so-]
**** Further reading
- [sum²]
- [2 sum]
** Norwegian Bokmål
*** Etymology 1
From [nb].
**** Noun
[summ]
1. a [en] ( _addition or aggregation_ )
2. a [en] ( _amount of money_ )
***** Derived terms
- [nb]
- [nb]
*** Etymology 2
From the verb [nb].
**** Noun
[nb]
1. buzz ( _continuous noise_ )
*** Etymology 3
**** Verb
[nb]
1. [nb]
*** References
- [R:The Bokmål Dictionary]
** Norwegian Nynorsk
*** Etymology 1
From [nn].
**** Noun
[stem=summ]
1. a [en] ( _addition or aggregation_ )
2. a [en] ( _amount of money_ )
***** Derived terms
- [nn]
*** Etymology 2
From the verb [nb].
**** Noun
[nn]
1. buzz ( _continuous noise_ )
*** Etymology 3
**** Noun
[nn-noun-n1]
1. an act of swimming
*** Etymology 4
**** Pronoun
[nn]
1. [som]
*** References
- [R:The Nynorsk Dictionary]
** Old English
*** Etymology
[ang] From [ang], see also [goh], [non].
*** Pronunciation
- [sum]
*** Pronoun
[ang]
1. some
2. * "Gospel of Saint John" (see https://archive.org/details/gospelsaintjohn00unkngoog/page/n94/mode/2up) , chapter 9, verse 9
3. *: [ang]
4. _used to indicate a specific example of a thing:_ a, a certain
5. * The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (see https://archive.org/details/anglosaxonchroni01thor/page/96/mode/1up)
6. *: [ang]
7. some of _(with another pronoun or article)_
8. one of _(+ genitive)_
9. one of a certain number of things _(+ genitive of number)_
**** Usage notes
- When used in the sense of "some of", the noun or noun phrase phrase that _sum_ modifies often agrees with the case, number, and gender of _sum_ : _SUME þā menn_ (" SOME OF the people"). Alternatively, it may form a partitive genitive , especially when the thing it modifies is another pronoun: _heora SUM_ (" SOME of them").
- When meaning "one of a certain number", even numerals that are normally indeclinable are treated as declinable. In this context, numbers below 20 are declined as plural nouns, while both plural noun and plural adjective endings are attested for numbers ending in _-tiġ_ (i.e. most numbers from 20 and above).
**** Declension
[ang-decl-sum]
**** Descendants
- [enm]
** Old Saxon
*** Etymology
[osx] From [osx], see also [ang], [non].
*** Pronoun
[osx]
1. some
**** Declension
[title=sum]
**** Descendants
- [gml]
- [nds]
** Phalura
*** Etymology
[phl]
*** Pronunciation
- [phl]
*** Noun
[phl]
1. mud (dry), dust
**** Inflection
a-decl (Obl, pl): -a
*** References
- [R:phl:Liljegren:Vocab]
** Pnar
*** Etymology
From [pbv], from [pbv]. Cognate with [huo] _θúm_. Likely related to the
forms with h- and null initials, such as [bdq].
*** Pronunciation
- [pbv]
*** Verb
[pbv-verb]
1. to bathe
** Polish
[lang=pl]
*** Pronunciation
[a=Pl-sum.ogg]
*** Etymology 1
[pl] [pl], from [pl].
**** Noun
[m-anml]
1. wels , wels catfish , sheatfish [[Silurus glanis]]
***** Declension
[pl-decl-noun-m-anml]
*** Etymology 2
[nonlemma]
**** Noun
[pl]
1. [pl]
*** Further reading
- [71954]
- [R:pl:PWN]
- [R:pl:PWN Encyclopedia]
[pl]
** Shabo
*** Verb
[sbf]
1. say
** Slovene
*** Etymology
Related to the older noun [sl] (modern [sl]), which is also found in
Serbo-Croatian.
*** Pronunciation
- [sȗm]
*** Noun
[sȗm]
1. suspicion , mistrust
**** Declension
[súm]
*** Further reading
- [R:Fran]
** Vurës
*** Pronunciation
- [msn]
*** Verb
[msn]
1. to drink