From en.wiktionary.org:
[Scratch]
** English
[wikipedia]
*** Etymology
From [en], of [en] origin. Probably a blend of [en] and [enm]. More at [en]
and [en].
*** Pronunciation
- [skrăch] , [en]
- [en]
- [en]
*** Verb
[en-verb]
1. [en] To rub a surface with a sharp object, especially by a living creature to remove itch ing with nail s, claw s, etc.
2. * [pages=7–8]
3. [en] To rub the skin with rough material causing a sensation of irritation ; to cause itching.
4. * [en]
1. [en] To irritate someone's skin with one's unshaven beard when kiss ing.
5. [en] To mark a surface with a sharp object, thereby leaving a SCRATCH (noun).
6. [en] to get such scratches
7. [en] To cross out , strike out , strike through some text on a page.
1. [en] Hence, to remove , ignore [,] or delete .
8. [en] To produce a distinctive sound on a turntable by moving a vinyl record back and forth while manipulating the crossfader (see also [scratching] ).
9. [en] To commit a foul in pool , as where the cue ball is put into a pocket or jumps off the table.
10. [en] To score , not by skillful play but by some fortunate chance of the game. < !--Webster 1913-->
11. [en] To write or draw hastily or awkwardly; scrawl .
12. * [page=1]
13. [en] To dig or excavate with the claws.
14. [en] To dig or scrape (a person's skin) with claws or fingernails in self-defense or with the intention to injure.
15. [en] To announce one's non-participation in a race or sports event part of a larger sports meeting that one was previously signed up for, usually in lieu of another event at the same meeting.
16. * [en]
17. * [en]
**** Derived terms
{{col|en|head-scratching |scratch a living |scratch an itch |scratch one's
head |scratch the surface |scratcher |scratchpad|scratch up|scratch the itch
|scratchy |scratch a liberal and a fascist bleeds|scratch a liberal and you'll
find a fascist|scratch and sniff|scratch below the surface|scratch beneath the
surface|scratch by|scratch one's own itch|scratch out|scratch someone's
back|scratch that|scratch together|scratch-and-dent|you scratch my back and
I'll scratch yours }}
**** Translations
[rub a surface with a sharp object]
- Albanian: [sq] , [sq] , [sq]
- Arabic: [ar]
- Armenian: [hy] , [hy]
- Assamese: [as]
- Azerbaijani: [az]
- Belarusian: [be]
- Bulgarian: [bg] , [bg]
- Burmese: [my]
- Catalan: [ca] , [ca] , [ca]
- Chinese:
- Czech: [cs] , [cs] , [cs]
- Danish: [da]
- Dutch: [nl] , [nl]
- Esperanto: [eo]
- Estonian: [et] , [et]
- Faroese: [fo] , [fo] , [fo]
- Finnish: [fi] , [fi] , [fi]
- French: [fr]
- Galician: [gl] , [gl] , [gl] , [gl]
- Georgian: [ka] , [ka] , [ka]
- German: [de]
- Greek: [el]
- Guaraní: [gn]
- Hebrew: [he]
- Hindi: [hi]
- Hungarian: [hu] , [hu] , [hu] , [hu] , [hu] , [hu]
- Indonesian: [id]
- Ingrian: [izh] , [izh] , [izh] , [izh] , [izh]
- Irish: [ga] , [ga] [in order to relieve an itch]
- Italian: [it] , [it]
- Japanese: [ja]
- Kashubian: [csb]
- Khmer: [km]
- Korean: [ko] , [ko]
- Ladino: [lad] , [lad]
- Lao: [lo]
- Latin: [la] , [la]
- Lombard: [lmo]
- Lushootseed: [lut]
- Macedonian: [mk]
- Malay: [ms]
- Maori: [mi] [the head] , [mi] , [mi] , [mi] , [mi] , [mi] , [mi]
- Mongolian: [mn]
- Nivkh: [niv]
- Occitan: [oc] , [oc]
- Old Portuguese: [roa-opt]
- Oromo: [om]
- Ottoman Turkish: [ota]
- Persian: [fa]
- Polish: [pl] , [pl] , [pl] , [pl]
- Portuguese: [pt] , [pt] , [pt]
- Rapa Nui: [rap]
- Romanian: [ro]
- Romansch: [rm]
- Russian: [ru] , [ru] , [ru] , [ru]
- Sanskrit: [sa]
- Slovak: [sk]
- Spanish: [es]
- Swedish: [sv]
- Sylheti: [syl]
- Tetum: [tet]
- Thai: [th]
- Tibetan: [bo]
- Turkish: [tr]
- Ukrainian: [uk] , [uk]
- Vietnamese: [vi]
- Welsh: [cy]
- West Flemish: [vls] , [vls]
- Yiddish: [yi] , [yi]
- Zazaki: [zza] , [zza]
- Zealandic: [zea] , [zea]
[trans-bottom]
[rub the skin with rough material]
- Albanian: [sq]
- Armenian: [hy]
- Azerbaijani: [az]
- Belarusian: [be]
- Bulgarian: [bg]
- Catalan: [ca]
- Estonian: [et]
- Faroese: [fo] , [fo]
- Finnish: [fi] , [fi]
- French: [fr]
- Galician: [gl] , [gl] , [gl] , [gl]
- German: [de]
- Greek: [el]
- Gujarati: [gu]
- Hungarian: [hu]
- Indonesian: [id]
- Italian: [it] , [it] , [it]
- Latin: [la]
- Latvian: [lv]
- Lithuanian: [lt]
- Marathi: [mr]
- Portuguese: [pt] , [pt]
- Romanian: [ro]
- Russian: [ru] , [ru] , [ru] , [ru]
- Spanish: [es]
- Sundanese: [su]
- Tagalog: [tl] , [tl]
- Turkish: [tr]
- Ukrainian: [uk]
- Zazaki: [zza]
- Zealandic: [zea]
[trans-bottom]
[irritate someone's skin with one's unshaven beard when kissing]
- Albanian: [sq]
- Bulgarian: [bg]
- French: [fr]
- Galician: [gl] , [gl]
- Hungarian: [hu]
- Portuguese: [pt]
- Zazaki: [zza]
[trans-bottom]
[mark a surface with a sharp object]
- Bulgarian: [bg]
- Catalan: [ca]
- Chinese:
- Dutch: [nl]
- Estonian: [et]
- Finnish: [fi] , [fi]
- French: [fr]
- Galician: [gl] , [gl] , [gl] , [gl] , [gl]
- German: [de] , [de]
- Greek: [el]
- Hebrew: [he]
- Hungarian: [hu] , [hu]
- Italian: [it]
- Latin: [la]
- Ottoman Turkish: [ota] , [ota]
- Portuguese: [pt] , [pt]
- Quechua: [qu] , [qu]
- Romanian: [ro]
- Romansch: [rm]
- Russian: [ru] , [ru]
- Spanish: [es] , [es] , [es]
- Turkish: [tr]
- Zazaki: [zza]
[trans-bottom]
[remove, ignore [,] or delete]
- Bulgarian: [bg]
- Finnish: [fi]
- French: [fr] , [fr] , [fr]
- Greek: [el]
- Hungarian: [hu] , [hu] , [hu]
- Italian: [it]
- Latin: [la]
- Portuguese: [pt] , [pt]
- Russian: [ru] , [ru] [colloquial] , [ru]
- Swedish: [sv]
- Zazaki: [zza] , [zza]
[trans-bottom]
[write or draw hastily or awkwardly]
- Bulgarian: [bg]
- Dutch: [nl]
- Finnish: [fi]
- French: [fr]
- Hungarian: [hu] , [hu] , [hu]
- Ottoman Turkish: [ota]
- Portuguese: [pt]
- Zazaki: [zza]
[trans-bottom]
[dig or scrape with claws or fingernails with the intention to injure]
- Bulgarian: [bg]
- Faroese: [fo]
- Finnish: [fi] , [fi]
- French: [fr]
- Galician: [gl]
- German: [de]
- Hebrew: [he]
- Hungarian: [hu] , [hu]
- Norwegian:
- Portuguese: [pt]
- Quechua: [qu]
- Russian: [ru] , [ru]
- Spanish: [es]
- Swedish: [sv]
- Yakut: [sah]
[trans-bottom]
[checktrans-top]
- Interlingua: [ia] , [ia]
- Occitan: [oc]
[trans-bottom]
*** Noun
[~]
1. [en] A disruption , mark or shallow cut on a surface made by scratching.
2. * [act=V]
3. * [passage=The coarse file [...] makes deep SCRATCHES in the work.]
4. * {{ quote-text | en | year=1709 | author=w:Matthew Prior | title=Henry and Emma | url=http://literaryballadarchive.com/PDF/Prior_2_Henry_Emma.pdf | line=503
|passage=These nails with SCRATCHES deform my breast.}}
1. * [chapter=Prologue]
2. * [chapter=Foreword]
3. An act of scratching the skin to alleviate an itch or irritation.
4. [en]
1. A starting line (originally and simply, a line scratched in the ground), as in boxing .
2. * [en]
3. A technical error of touching or surpassing the starting mark prior to the official start signal in the sporting events of long jump , discus , hammer throw , shot put , and similar. Originally the starting mark was a scratch on the ground but is now a board or precisely indicated mark.
4. [en] The last rider s to depart in a handicap race .
5. * [en]
6. [en] An aberration .
1. A foul in pool , as where the cue ball is put into a pocket or jumps off the table.
2. [en] A shot which scores by chance and not as intended by the player; a fluke .
7. [en] A horse withdrawn from a race prior to the start.
5. [en] A minor injury .
6. [en] Money .
7. * {{ quote-text | en | year=2006 | author=w:Clive James | title=North Face of Soho | page=153 | publisher=Picador | year_published=2007
|passage=He and Bruce cooked up a script together, and Bruce flew home to
raise the SCRATCH.}}
1. A feed , usually a mixture of a few common grain s, given to chicken s.
2. [en] Minute, but tender and troublesome, excoriation s, covered with scab s, upon the heel s of horse s which have been used where it is very wet or muddy.
3. * {{ quote-text | en | year=1887 | author=James Law | title=The Farmer's Veterinary Adviser
|passage=These are exemplified in the scurfy, scaly affections which appear in
the bend of the knee (mallenders) and hock (sallenders) and on the lower parts
of the limbs, by SCRATCHES, and by a scaly exfoliation[nb...].}}
1. [en] A scratch wig .
2. * 1775 , [Frances Burney] , _Journals & Letters_ , Penguin 2001, 26 March:
3. *: [ H ] e turned to him with a dejected Face, and said ‘ – pray Sir, – could you touch up _This_ a little?’ taking hold of his frightful SCRATCH .
4. [en] A genre of Virgin Islander music, better known as fungi .
5. Scrawled or illegible handwriting; chicken scratch .
6. * {{ quote-text | en | year=2017 | author=P. L. Hawks | title=I Love Paris
|passage=The handwriting in his paper is completely different when compared to
his SCRATCH on the note you gave me}}
1. Nothing, zero. Used especially in card games or sports, but also expressions like "from scatch".
**** Synonyms
- _(Virgin Islander music)_ : fungi , quelbe
**** Derived terms
{{col |en|from scratch |Old Scratch|cat scratch|scratch plough |no great
scratch|without a scratch |scratchband|needle scratch |scratch-built |start
from scratch |cat scratch disease|cat-scratch fever|chicken scratch|come to
the scratch|scratch card|scratch comma|scratch hit|scratch made|scratch
print|scratch race|scratch team|scratch-proof|tight scratch|up to scratch}}
**** Translations
[disruption or mark on a surface]
- Armenian: [hy]
- Azerbaijani: [az]
- Belarusian: [be]
- Bulgarian: [bg]
- Catalan: [ca] , [ca] , [ca]
- Czech: [cs]
- Danish: [da]
- Dutch: kras [f] _or_ [m]
- Esperanto: [eo]
- Finnish: [fi] , [fi]
- French: [fr] , [fr] , [fr]
- Galician: [gl] , [gl] , [gl] , [gl]
- Georgian: [ka]
- German: [de]
- Greek: [el]
- Hebrew: [he]
- Hungarian: [hu] , [hu]
- Italian: [it] , [it] , [it]
- Khmer: [km]
- Mongolian: [mn]
- Norwegian:
- Persian: [fa]
- Plautdietsch: [pdt]
- Polish: [pl] , [pl]
- Portuguese: [pt] , [pt]
- Romansch: [rm] [Rumantsch Grischun]
- Russian: [ru]
- Scottish Gaelic: [gd]
- Spanish: [es] , [es]
- Swedish: [sv] , [sv]
- Thai: [th]
- Turkish: [tr]
- Ukrainian: [uk] , [uk]
- Vietnamese: [vi] , [vi]
- Zazaki: [zza]
[trans-bottom]
[an act of scratching the skin to alleviate an itch or irritation]
- Bulgarian: [bg]
- Finnish: [fi]
- Hungarian: [hu] , [hu] , [hu]
- Italian: [it]
- Russian: [ru]
- Zazaki: [zza]
[trans-bottom]
[money]
- Bulgarian: [bg]
- Dutch: cent en [m-p]
- Finnish: [fi]
- French: [fr] , [fr] , [fr] , [fr] , [fr]
- Italian: [it] , [it]
- Russian: [ru]
- Zazaki: [zza]
[trans-bottom]
*** Adjective
[-]
1. For or consisting of preliminary or tentative , incomplete , etc. work.
2. Hastily assembled , arranged or constructed, from whatever materials are to hand, with little or no preparation
3. * [en]
4. * {{ quote-text | en | year=1988 | author=James McPherson | title=Battle Cry of Freedom | page=740 | publisher=Oxford | year_published=2004
|passage=Bluecoats began crossing the James on June 14 and next day two corps
approached Petersburg, which was held by Beauregard with a SCRATCH force of
2,500.}}
1. [en] Relating to a scratchpad , a data structure or recording medium attached to a machine for testing or temporary use.
2. [en] (of a player) Of a standard high enough to play without a handicap , i.e. to compete without the benefit of a variation in scoring based on ability.
3. * {{ quote-book
|en |year=1964 |author=Charles Price |title=The American golfer |page=48
|passage=... the shot that does most to make a genuine SCRATCH GOLFER is the
mashie shot up to the pin — not merely up to the green.}}
**** Derived terms
- [en]
- [en]
- [en]
- [en]
*** References
- [R:Online Etymology Dictionary]
- The Jargon File - Scratch (see http://www.catb.org/~esr/jargon/html/S/scratch.html)
[en]
** French
*** Etymology
[fr].
*** Pronunciation
- [fr-IPA]
- [fr]
- [fr]
- [fr]
- [fr]
- [fr]
- [fr]
*** Noun
[m]
1. Velcro
*** Further reading
- [R:fr:TLFi]
** Italian
*** Etymology
[it].
*** Noun
[m]
1. [it] [en]
** Polish
*** Etymology
[pl].
*** Pronunciation
[skrecz]
*** Noun
[m-in]
1. [pl] [pl]
**** Declension
[nomp=scratche]
**** Derived terms
[pl]
*** Further reading
- [R:pl:WSJP]
- [R:pl:PWN]
** Spanish
*** Etymology
[es].
*** Pronunciation
[escrach]
*** Noun
[m]
1. [es] [en]
**** Usage notes
[es-unadapted]