From en.wiktionary.org:
** English
[wikipedia]
*** Etymology
From [en], from [en] and [en], both from [en], [gem-pro], from [en].
Cognate with [nl], [nl], [nl], [de], [da], [is], [wa], [la].
*** Pronunciation
- [skrāp] , [en]
- [en]
- [en]
*** Verb
[en-verb]
1. [en] To draw (an object, especially a sharp or angular one), along (something) while exert ing pressure .
2. [en] To remove (something) by draw ing an object along in this manner.
3. [en] To injure or damage by rub bing across a surface .
4. * [chapter=II]
5. [en] To barely manage to achieve or attain .
6. [en] To collect or gather , especially without regard to the quality of what is chosen. < !--always "scrape together"? needs an example of "scrape" alone-->
7. [en] To extract data by automated means from a format not intended to be machine-readable , such as a screenshot or a formatted web page .
8. * [en]
9. [en] To occupy oneself with getting laborious ly.
10. * [V]
11. [en] To play awkward ly and inharmonious ly on a violin or similar instrument .
12. * {{ quote-book | en | date=2010-01-05 | author=Leslie Carroll | title=Notorious Royal Marriages: A Juicy Journey Through Nine Centuries of Dynasty, Destiny, and Desire | publisher=Penguin | isbn=9781101159774
|text=At that time the Grand Duke had only two occupations. One was to SCRAPE
the violin, the other to train spaniels for hunting.}}
1. [en] To draw back the right foot along the ground or floor when making a bow .
2. * [The Eternal City]
3. To express disapprobation of (a play , etc.) or to silence (a speaker ) by draw ing the feet back and forth upon the floor; usually with _down_ .
4. * {{ quote-text | en | year=1841 | author=w:Thomas Babington Macaulay | title=Warren Hastings
|passage=When the debate was resumed, the tide ran so strongly against the
accused that his friends were coughed and SCRAPED down.}}
**** Synonyms
- [draw an object along while exerting pressure] [en] , [en] ; _compare_ [en]
- [injure by scraping] [en] , [en] , [en]
**** Derived terms
{{col|en|scrape at the bottom of the barrel |bescrape |bow and scrape
|outscrape |scrape by |scrape off|scrape down |scrape past |scrape through
|scraper |rake and scrape|scrape acquaintance|scrape along|scrape and
bow|scrape someone off the ceiling|scrape the barrel|scrape the bottom of the
barrel|scrape together|scrape up|scrape-good|scrape-penny|screen-scrape}}
**** Translations
[draw an object along while exerting pressure]
- Arabic: [ar]
- Armenian: [hy]
- Azerbaijani: [az]
- Bashkir: [ba] , [ba]
- Belarusian: [be]
- Bulgarian: [bg] , [bg]
- Burmese: [my] , [my]
- Cebuano: [ceb] , [ceb]
- Chinese:
- Czech: [cs]
- Danish: [da]
- Dutch: [nl]
- Esperanto: [eo]
- Estonian: [et] , [et] , [et] , [et]
- Fijian: [fj] [of coconuts] , [fj] [of slime] , [fj] [Bau]
- Finnish: [fi]
- French: [fr] , [fr]
- Galician: [gl] , [gl] , [gl] , [gl] , [gl] , [gl] , [gl]
- Georgian: [ka]
- German: [de] , [de] , [de] , [de] , [de]
- Greek: [el]
- Guaraní: [gn]
- Hawaiian: [haw]
- Higaonon: [mba]
- Hindi: [hi] , [hi]
- Hungarian: [hu] , [hu]
- Icelandic: [is]
- Indonesian: [id] , [id]
- Italian: [it] , [it]
- Japanese: [ja] , [ja]
- Kazakh: [kk] , [kk]
- Khmer: [km] , [km] , [km] , [km]
- Korean: [ko]
- Kyrgyz: [ky]
- Lao: [lo] , [lo] , [lo]
- Latin: [la]
- Latvian: [lv] , [lv]
- Lithuanian: [lt]
- Macedonian: [mk] , [mk]
- Malay: [ms] , [ms] , [ms]
- Manchu: [mnc]
- Maori: [mi] , [mi] , [mi] , [mi] , [mi] , [mi] , [mi] , [mi] , [mi]
- Mongolian:
- Neapolitan: [nap]
- Norwegian:
- Old English: [ang]
- Ottoman Turkish: [ota] , [ota]
- Persian: [fa] , [fa]
- Polish: [pl] , [pl]
- Portuguese: [pt] , [pt]
- Punjabi: [pa]
- Romanian: [ro]
- Russian: [ru] , [ru] , [ru] , [ru] , [ru] , [ru]
- Samoan: [sm]
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Slovak: [sk]
- Slovene: [sl] , [sl] , [sl] , [sl]
- Southern Altai: [alt]
- Spanish: [es]
- Swedish: [sv]
- Tahitian: [ty] , [ty]
- Tajik: [tg]
- Telugu: [te]
- Tetum: [tet]
- Thai: [th] , [th] , [th] , [th] , [th] , [th]
- Tongan: [to]
- Turkish: [tr]
- Tày: [tyz]
- Ukrainian: [uk]
- Urdu: [ur] , [ur]
- Uzbek: [uz] , [uz]
- Vietnamese: [vi] , [vi] , [vi] , [vi] , [vi] , [vi] , [vi]
- Walloon: [wa] , [wa]
- Welsh: [cy]
- Western Bukidnon Manobo: [mbb]
- Yiddish: [yi]
- ǃXóõ: [nmn]
[trans-bottom]
[cause to be in a certain state by scraping]
- Czech: [cs]
- Estonian: [et] , [et] , [et] , [et]
- Finnish: [fi]
- Italian: [it] , [it]
- Russian: [ru] , [ru] , [ru] , [ru] , [ru] , [ru] , [ru]
[trans-bottom]
[injure by scraping]
- Bashkir: [ba]
- Bulgarian: [bg]
- Chinese:
- Czech: [cs]
- Estonian: [et] , [et]
- Finnish: [fi] , [fi]
- French: [fr] , [fr] , [fr]
- Galician: [gl] , [gl] , [gl] , [gl] , [gl] , [gl]
- Italian: [it] , [it]
- Portuguese: [pt] , [pt] , [pt] , [pt]
- Russian: [ru] , [ru] , [ru]
- Sanskrit: [sa]
- Spanish: [es] , [es] , [es] , [es]
- Swedish: [sv]
- Vietnamese: [vi] , [vi]
- Walloon: [wa] , [wa] , [wa]
[trans-bottom]
[extract data by automated means]
- Finnish: [fi]
- Vietnamese: [vi] , [vi] , [vi] , [vi]
[trans-bottom]
*** Noun
[~]
1. A broad , shallow injury left by scraping (rather than a cut or a scratch ).
2. The sound or action of something being scraped.
3. * [en]
4. * [en]
5. * [en]
6. Something remove d by being scraped; a thin layer of something such as butter on bread.
7. * [volume=I]
8. * [en]
9. [en] A fight , especially a fistfight without weapon s.
10. An awkward set of circumstances.
11. * [en]
12. [en] A D and C or abortion ; or, a miscarriage .
13. * 1972 , in U.S. Senate Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws, _Abuse of psychiatry for political repression in the Soviet Union. Hearing, Ninety-second Congress, second session_ , United States Government Printing Office, page 127,
14. *: It’s quite possible, in view of the diagnosis ‘danger of miscarriage’, that they might drag me off, give me a SCRAPE and then say that the miscarriage began itself.
15. * {{ quote-book | en | year=1980 | author=John Cobb | title=Babyshock: A Mother’s First Five Years | publisher=Hutchinson | page=232
|passage=In expert hands abortion nowadays is almost the same as having a
SCRAPE (D & C) and due to improved techniques such as suction termination, and
improved lighter anaesthetic, most women feel no worse than having a tooth
out.}}
1. * {{ quote-book | en | year=1985 | author=Beverley Raphael | title=The Anatomy of Bereavement: a handbook for the caring professions | publisher=Routledge, | isbn=0415094542 | page=236
|passage=The loss is significant to the woman and will be stated as such by
her. For her it is not “nothing,” “just a SCRAPE,” or “not a life.” It is the
beginning of a baby. Years later, she may recall it not just as a miscarriage
but also as a baby that was lost.}}
1. * {{ quote-book | en | year=1999 | author=David Jenkins | title=Listening to Gynaecological Patients\ Problems | publisher=Springer, | isbn=1852331097 | page=16
|passage=17.Have you had a SCRAPE or curettage recently?}}
1. A shallow depression used by ground bird s as a nest ; a nest scrape .
2. * {{ quote-text | en | year=1948 | title=Behaviour: An International Journal of Comparative Ethology | publisher=E. J. Brill | page=103
|passage=We knew from <span style="font-variant:small-caps">U.
Weidmann</span>’s work (1956) that Black-headed Gulls could be prevented from
laying by offering them eggs on the empty SCRAPE veil before […]}}
1. * {{ quote-book | en | year=2000 | author=Charles A. Taylor | title=The Kingfisher Science Encyclopedia | publisher=Kingfisher Publications, | isbn=0753452693 | page=85
|passage=The plover lays its eggs in a SCRAPE on the ground. ¶ […] ¶ Birds’
nests can be little more than a SCRAPE in the ground or a delicate structure
of plant material, mud, and saliva.}}
1. * {{ quote-book | en | year=2006 | author=Les Beletsky | title=Birds of the World | publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press, | isbn=0801884292 | page=95
|passage=Turkey females place their eggs in a shallow SCRAPE in a hidden spot
on the ground. Young are born ready to leave the nest and feed themselves
(eating insects for their first few weeks).}}
1. [en] A shallow pit dug as a hideout.
2. * {{ quote-text | en | year=2014 | author=Harry Turtledove | title=Hitler's War
|passage=In between rounds, he dug a SCRAPE for himself with his entrenching
tool.}}
1. [en] A shave .
2. * {{ quote-text | en | year=1945 | title=Transactions of the Thoroton Society of Nottinghamshire | page=66
|passage=A'm goin to the barber's for a SCRAPE.}}
1. [en] Cheap butter .
2. [en] Butter laid on bread in the thinnest possible manner, as though laid on and scraped off again.
3. * [en]
4. [en] A diminutive of the bend (especially of the bend sinister) which is half its width.
5. * {{ quote-book | en | year=1730 | author=Richard Blome | title=The Art of Heraldry | page=67
|text=16. Azure, a SCRAPE Argent. 17. Gules, a Battune Argent.}}
1. * {{ quote-book | en | year=1810 | title=Encyclopædia Britannica: Or, A Dictionary of Arts and Science, Compiled Upon a New Plan | page=406
|text=Azure, a SCRAPE Or.}}
1. * {{ quote-book | en | year=1894 | author=Sir Francis James Grant | title=The Manual of Heraldry: Being a Concise Description of the Several Terms Used, and Containing a Dictionary of Every Designation in the Science | page=21
|text=Argent, a SCRAPE purpure.}}
1. * {{ quote-book | en | year=1961 | author=Jack Adolphe Reynolds | title=Heraldry and You: Modern Heraldic Usage in America | publisher=Edinburgh ; New York : Nelson
|text=(A variant blazon would be: Argent, three SCRAPES enhanced gules.)}}
1. An intermittent shallow pond in a wetland or floodplain , often artificially created to attract birds.
**** Synonyms
- [injury] abrasion , graze
- [fight] altercation , brawl , fistfight , fight , fisticuffs , punch-up , scuffle
- [awkward set of circumstances] bind , fix , mess , pickle
- See also Thesaurus:injury
**** Derived terms
- [en]
- [en]
**** Translations
[injury]
- Bulgarian: [bg]
- Catalan: [ca]
- Danish: [da]
- Dutch: [nl]
- Finnish: [fi]
- German: [de] , [de] , [de]
- Italian: [it] , [it] , [it]
- Portuguese: [pt]
- Russian: [ru]
- Scottish Gaelic: [gd]
- Spanish: [es] , [es]
- Swedish: [sv]
[trans-bottom]
[fight]
- Finnish: [fi]
- German: [de] , [de] , [de]
- Italian: [it] [it]
- Russian: [ru] , [ru] , [ru]
- Spanish: [es] , [es]
[trans-bottom]
[awkward set of circumstances]
- Bulgarian: [bg]
- Finnish: [fi] , [fi]
- German: [de] , [de]
- Italian: [it] , [it]
- Russian: [ru] , [ru]
- Spanish: [es] , [es]
[trans-bottom]
**** References
- [a shave; butter] 1873 , John Camden Hotten, _The Slang Dictionary_
*** Anagrams
- [en]
[en] [en]
** Middle English
*** Etymology
From [enm].
*** Pronunciation
- [enm]
*** Noun
[enm-noun]
1. [enm] scratching
**** Descendants
- [en]
**** References
- [entry=scrāpe]