From en.wiktionary.org:
[Sack]
** English
[2008]
*** Pronunciation
- [en]
- [en]
- [en]
- [en]
- [en]
*** Etymology 1
From [en], [enm], [enm], [enm], from [en] and [ang]; both from [en], from late
[en], borrowed from [en], from [en], from [en], possibly [en] or Hebrew.
Cognate with [nl], [de], [sv], [da], [he], [arc], [syc], [gez], [akk], [egy].
[en].
Černý and Forbes suggest the word was originally Egyptian, a nominal
derivative of [egy] that also yielded [cop] and was borrowed into Greek
perhaps by way of a Semitic intermediary. However, Vycichl and Hoch reject
this idea, noting that such an originally Egyptian word would be expected to
yield Hebrew [he] rather than [he]. Instead, they posit that the Coptic and
Greek words are both borrowed from Semitic, with the Coptic word perhaps
developing via [egy].
[2]
- “Pillage” senses from the use of sacks in carrying off plunder. From [en] , shortened from the phrase _mettre à sac_ (“put it in a bag”), a military command to pillage; also parallel meaning with [en] , from [en] [la] . From [en] [la] , from [la] . _See also_ [en] . American football “tackle” sense from this “plunder, conquer” root.
- “Removal from employment” senses attested since 1825; the original formula was “to give (someone) the sack”, likely from the notion of a worker going off with his tools in a sack, or being given such a sack for his personal belongings as part of an expedient severance. Idiom exists earlier in [en] ( _on luy a donné son sac_ , 17c.) and [en] [iemand den zak geven] . English verb in this sense recorded from 1841. Current verb, _to sack_ (“to fire”) carries influence from the forceful nature of “plunder, tackle” verb senses.
- Slang meaning “bunk, bed” is attested since 1825, originally nautical, likely in reference to sleeping bag s. The verb meaning “go to bed” is recorded from 1946.
- Slang meaning "scrotum" is an ellipsis of _[en]_ .
[col-bottom]
**** Noun
[en-noun]
1. A bag ; especially a large bag of strong, coarse material for storage and handling of various commodities , such as potatoes, coal, coffee; or, a bag with handles used at a supermarket , a grocery sack; or, a small bag for small items, a satchel .
2. The amount a sack holds; also, an archaic or historical measure of varying capacity, depending on commodity type and according to local usage; an old English measure of weight, usually of wool, equal to 13 stone (182 pounds), or in other sources, 26 stone (364 pounds).
3. * _The American SACK of salt is 215 pounds; the SACK of wheat, two bushels._ — McElrath.
4. * {{ quote-book | en | year=1843 | title=The Penny Cyclopaedia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge | volume=27 | pageurl=http://books.google.com/books?id=Sw8DAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA202&lpg=PA202&dq=sack | page=202
|passage=Seven pounds make a clove, 2 cloves a stone, 2 stone a tod, 6 1/2
tods a wey, 2 weys a sack, 12 sacks a last. [...] It is to be observed here
that a sack is 13 tods, and a tod 28 pounds, so that the sack is 364 pounds.}}
1. * [en]
2. [en] The plunder and pillaging of a captured town or city.
3. [en] Loot or booty obtained by pillage.
4. [en] A successful tackle of the quarterback behind the line of scrimmage .
5. [en] One of the square bases anchored at first base , second base , or third base .
6. [en] Dismissal from employment, or discharge from a position.
7. * [en-GB]
8. [en] Bed .
9. [en] A kind of loose-fitting gown or dress with sleeves which hangs from the shoulder s, such as a gown with a 吴语: 1700-1750_in_fashion#Women.27s_fashion or 吴语: Sack-back gown , fashionable in the late 17th to 18th century; or, formerly, a loose-fitting hip-length jacket , cloak or cape .
10. * [2]
11. * {{ quote-text | en | year=1780 | author=w:Frances Burney | title=Journals & Letters | page=151 | publisher=Penguin | year_published=2001
|passage=Her Dress, too, was of the same cast, a thin muslin short SACQUE and
Coat lined throughout with Pink, – a _modesty bit_ – and something of a _very_
short cloak half concealed about half of her old wrinkled Neck […].}}
1. * {{ quote-book | en | year=1828 | author= [John Thomas Smith (engraver)] | title=Nollekens and His Times | publisher=Century Hutchinson | year_published=1986 | page=13
|passage=This lady's interesting figure, on her wedding-day, was attired in a
SACQUE and petticoat of the most expensive brocaded white silk, resembling
net-work, enriched with small flowers [...].}}
1. [en] A sack coat; a kind of coat worn by men, and extending from top to bottom without a cross seam.
2. [en] The scrotum .
3. [en] Any disposable bag.
***** Synonyms
- [bag] [en] , [en] , [en] [obsolete]
- [booty obtained by pillage] [en]
- [informal: dismissal from employment] [en] , [en] , [en] , [en] , [en] , one's cards, the old heave-ho
- [colloquial: bed] [en] , [en]
- [vulgar slang: scrotum] [en]
***** Hyponyms
- [bag] [en]
***** Derived terms
{{col3|en|title=Terms derived from _sack_ (noun) |cock sack|dressing sack|go
down like a sack of potatoes|halter-sack|happy sack|loiter-sack|nap sack|sack
drill|sack knot|sack o' shit|sack of shit|sack-back|sack-whack|toe
sack|Zdarsky tent-sack | back, crack and sack| sack-tap | ballsack,ball
sack,ballsac | bivouac sack|honey sack |barley sack|sack of crap | bollock
sack | cat in the sack | coalsack | cornsack|possibles sack|sack time|sperm
sack|stuff sack|tent-sack | crapsack|dumb as a sack of bricks|dumber than a
sack of bricks|like rats in a sack | crocker sack | dub sack | dumb as a sack
of hammers | fart sack | floursack | get the sack,give the sack | gripsack|
sack silo | gunny sack,gunnysack|sack dress | hacky
sack,hackysack,Hacky-Sack,hackeysack | hit the sack | hopsack | in the sack |
mailsack | more sacks to the mill | nutsack | packsack | sack barrow |
sackcloth | sackful | sacking<pos:noun> | sacklike | sack lunch | sackload |
sack of flesh | sack man | sack race | sack truck | sackwise | sad sack |
Santa sack | shitsack | sleepsack | ten sack | towsack }}
***** Related terms
{{col|en |sac |sachet |sack off |sack up |satchel |haversack |knapsack
|rucksack }}
***** Descendants
- [ja]
***** Translations
[bag for commodities or items]
- Afrikaans: [af]
- Albanian: [sq]
- Arabic: [ar]
- Armenian: [hy] , [hy]
- Aromanian: [rup]
- Azerbaijani: [az]
- Bashkir: [ba]
- Belarusian: [be]
- Bengali: [bn] , [bn]
- Bhojpuri: [bho]
- Bulgarian: [bg]
- Burmese: [my]
- Catalan: [ca]
- Cherokee: [chr]
- Chinese:
- Czech: [cs]
- Danish: [da] , [da]
- Dutch: [nl]
- Egyptian: [qrft]
- Esperanto: [eo]
- Estonian: [et]
- Faroese: [fo]
- Finnish: [fi]
- French: [fr]
- Friulian: [fur]
- Galician: [gl]
- Georgian: [ka] , [ka] , [ka]
- German: [de] , [de] , [de] , [de]
- Gothic: [got] , [got]
- Greek: [el] , [el] , [el] , [el] [supermarket]
- Haitian Creole: [ht]
- Hebrew: [he] , [he]
- Hindi: [hi] , [hi] , [hi]
- Hiri Motu: [ho]
- Hungarian: [hu]
- Icelandic: [is] , [is] , [is]
- Ido: [io]
- Indonesian: [id]
- Irish: [ga]
- Italian: [it]
- Japanese: [ja] , [ja]
- Kazakh: [kk]
- Khmer: [km]
- Korean: [ko]
- Kyrgyz: [ky] , [ky] , [ky]
- Lao: [lo]
- Latin: [la] , [la] , [la]
- Latvian: [lv]
- Lithuanian: [lt]
- Macedonian: [mk] , [mk]
- Malay: [ms] , [ms]
- Malayalam: [ml]
- Mandinka: [mnk]
- Maori: [mi]
- Middle English: [enm]
- Mingrelian: [xmf]
- Mongolian: [mn] , [mn] , [mn]
- Motu: [meu]
- Navajo: [nv] [paper sack]
- Neapolitan: [nap]
- Ngazidja Comorian: [zdj]
- Norwegian:
- Occitan: [oc]
- Ojibwe: [oj]
- Old Church Slavonic: [cu]
- Old English: [ang]
- Old Norse: [non] , [non]
- Ottoman Turkish: [ota] [of strong material] ; [ota] [bag with handles]
- Persian: [fa] , [fa] , [fa]
- Plautdietsch: [pdt]
- Polish: [pl]
- Portuguese: [pt] , [pt]
- Romani: [rom]
- Romanian: [ro]
- Russian: [ru] , [ru]
- Sardinian: [sc]
- Scottish Gaelic: [gd] , [gd] , [gd]
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Shor: [cjs]
- Slovak: [sk]
- Slovene: [sl] , [archaic] [sl]
- Sorbian:
- Spanish: [es] , [es] , [es] , [es] , [es] [Andes] , [es] [Peru]
- Swahili: [sw]
- Swedish: [sv]
- Tajik: [tg] , [tg]
- Talysh: [tly] [Asalemi]
- Thai: [th]
- Tocharian B: [txb]
- Turkish: [tr]
- Turkmen: [tk] , [tk]
- Ukrainian: [uk]
- Urdu: [ur] , [ur]
- Uzbek: [uz] , [uz]
- Vietnamese: [vi] , [vi]
- Yiddish: [yi]
- Zazaki: [zza] , [zza]
[trans-bottom]
[amount that can be put in a sack; traditional units based on this amount]
- Bashkir: [ba]
- Danish: [da] , [da]
- Finnish: [fi]
- German: [de] , [old spelling] [de]
- Greek: [el] , [el]
- Ido: [io]
- Latvian: [lv]
- Malayalam: [ml]
- Middle English: [enm]
- Russian: [ru]
- Scottish Gaelic: [gd] , [gd] , [gd]
- Spanish: [es] , [es]
- Swedish: [sv]
- Ukrainian: [uk]
[trans-bottom]
[the plunder and pillaging of a city]
- Bulgarian: [bg]
- Catalan: [ca]
- Chinese:
- Dutch: [nl] , [nl]
- Finnish: [fi]
- French: [fr]
- Galician: [gl]
- Georgian: [ka]
- German: [de]
- Greek: [el] , [el] , [el]
- Hungarian: [hu]
- Ido: [io]
- Italian: [it] , [it]
- Macedonian: [mk]
- Maori: [mi]
- Ottoman Turkish: [ota] , [ota] , [ota]
- Portuguese: [pt]
- Russian: [ru] , [ru]
- Spanish: [es]
- Swedish: [sv]
[trans-bottom]
[booty obtained by pillage]
- Bulgarian: [bg]
- Catalan: [ca]
- Danish: [da] , [da]
- Finnish: [fi] , [fi]
- French: [fr]
- Georgian: [ka]
- Greek: [el]
- Ido: [io]
- Italian: [it]
- Macedonian: [mk]
- Maori: [mi]
- Ottoman Turkish: [ota]
- Russian: [ru] , [ru]
- Spanish: [es]
[trans-bottom]
[successful tackle of the quarterback]
- German: [de]
[trans-bottom]
[informal: dismissal from employment]
- Bulgarian: [bg]
- Danish: [da] , [da]
- Dutch: [nl]
- Finnish: [fi]
- French: [fr]
- Georgian: [ka] , [ka]
- Greek: [el]
- Italian: [it]
- Macedonian: [mk]
- Maori: [mi] , [mi]
- Norwegian: [no]
- Portuguese: [pt]
- Russian: [ru]
- Spanish: [es]
- Swedish: [definite form] [sv]
[trans-bottom]
[colloquial: bed]
- Bulgarian: [bg]
- Dutch: [nl]
- Finnish: [fi]
- French: [fr] , [fr]
- Macedonian: [mk]
- Russian: [ru]
[trans-bottom]
[slang: scrotum]
- Finnish: [fi] , [fi]
- German: [de]
- Italian: [it]
- Portuguese: [pt]
- Russian: [ru] [slang] , [ru]
[trans-bottom]
**** Verb
[en-verb]
1. To put in a sack or sacks.
2. * [page=197]
3. * [en]
4. To bear or carry in a sack upon the back or the shoulders.
5. [en] To plunder or pillage , especially after capture; to obtain spoils of war from.
6. * [part=1]
7. * {{ quote-text | en | year=1898 | author=w:Homer | translator= 吴语: Samuel Butler (novelist) | title= 吴语: Iliad | section= Basa Sunda: The Iliad (Butler)/Book_IX
|passage=It [a lyre] was part of the spoils which he had taken when he SACKED
the city of Eetion [...]}}
1. [en] To tackle the quarterback behind the line of scrimmage , especially before he is able to throw a pass .
2. * 1995 , John Crumpacker and Gwen Knapp, " Sack-happy defensive line stuns Dolphins (see http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/e/a/1995/11/21/SPORTS11061.dtl) ", SFGate.com, November 21:
3. *: On third down, the rejuvenated Rickey Jackson stormed in over All-Pro left tackle Richmond Webb to SACK Marino yet again for a 2-yard loss.
4. [en] To discharge from a job or position ; to fire .
5. * {{ quote-journal | en | date=March 5 1999 | titleurl=http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/europe/9903/05/russia.berezovsky/ | title=Russian media mogul dismisses Yeltsin's bid to sack him | journal=CNN.com
|passage=[...] Boris Berezovsky on Friday dismissed President Boris Yeltsin's
move to SACK him from his post as executive secretary of the Commonwealth of
Independent States, [...]}}
1. * [en]
2. * [en]
3. * {{ quote-web
|en |date=September 13, 2022 |author=Mark Trevelyan; Filipp Lebedev
|title=Russian council faces dissolution after call for Putin's removal
|editor=Bill Berkrot
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220913183155/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russian-council-faces-dissolution-after-call-putins-removal-2022-09-13/
|archivedate=13 September 2022 |work=w:Reuters |section=Europe
|url2=https://archive.ph/pHtdQ |text=A group of St Petersburg local
politicians who called for President Vladimir Putin to be SACKED over the war
in Ukraine faces the likely dissolution of their district council following a
judge's ruling on Tuesday, one of the deputies said.}}
1. * [en]
2. [en] To give up on , to abandon , delay , to not think about someone or something.
***** Derived terms
{{col|en |sackable |sackage |sacker |sack off |sack out |sack up }}
***** Translations
[to put in a sack or sacks]
- Catalan: [ca]
- Portuguese: [pt]
- Spanish: [es]
[trans-bottom]
[to plunder]
- Bulgarian: [bg] , [bg]
- Danish: [da] , [da]
- Dutch: [nl]
- Finnish: [fi]
- French: [fr]
- German: [de]
- Greek: [el] , [el] , [el]
- Ido: [io]
- Ingrian: [izh]
- Irish: [ga]
- Italian: [it] , [it] , [it]
- Maori: [mi] , [mi] , [mi] , [mi] , [mi]
- Norwegian: [no]
- Ottoman Turkish: [ota]
- Romanian: [ro]
- Spanish: [es]
- Turkish: [tr]
[trans-bottom]
[informal: to remove from a job or position]
- Bulgarian: [bg]
- Catalan: [ca] , [ca] , [ca]
- Chinese:
- Danish: [da] , [da] , [da]
- Dutch: [nl]
- Finnish: [fi]
- French: [fr] , [fr]
- Galician: [gl]
- German: [de] , [de] , [de]
- Greek: [el]
- Maori: [mi]
- Portuguese: [pt]
- Russian: [ru] , [ru]
- Spanish: [es] , [es]
- Turkish: [tr]
[trans-bottom]
[checktrans-top]
- Norwegian: [no] , [no] [slang]
- Swedish: [sv] , [sv] [slang]
[trans-bottom]
*** Etymology 2
From earlier ([en]) [en] from [en] ([frm]) [frm], from [en].
**** Noun
[~]
1. [en] [en] A variety of light-colored dry wine from Spain or the Canary Islands ; also, any strong white wine from southern Europe; sherry .
2. * [act=I]
3. * [page=56]
4. * [2]
5. * [en]
6. * [en]
***** Derived terms
- [en]
***** See also
- [en] , [en] , [en]
*** Etymology 3
**** Noun
[en-noun]
1. [en] .
2. * {{ quote-journal | en | year=1938 | journal=The Microscope | volume=1-2 | page=56
|passage=Sometimes fishes are born that have rudimentary yolk SACKS. Such
young are born prematurely.}}
*** Etymology 4
**** Verb
[en-verb]
1. [en] .
**** Noun
[en-noun]
1. [en] .
*** See also
- [pedia]
- [Sack]
*** References
- [Robert Jacobus Forbes] (1955) _Studies in Ancient Technology_ , vol. IV, p. 66
- [149]
- [186]
- [269]
*** Anagrams
- [en]
[en]