From en.wiktionary.org:
[Prior]
** English
[2024]
*** Pronunciation
- [en]
- [en]
- [en]
- [en]
- [en]
*** Etymology 1
[en] [en] The [adjective] is a [en], from [en], ultimately from [itc-pro]
(from [en] and its [etymon] [ine-pro]) + [itc-pro]. [en].[1][2]
The [adverb] and [noun] are derived from the adjective.<ref name="OED"/>[3]
**** Adjective
[-]
1. Coming before in order or time ; earlier , former , previous .
2. * [book=I]
3. * [volume=I]
4. * [volume=I]
5. * [volume=I]
6. * [volume=I]
7. More important or significant .
8. [en] _Chiefly in_ PRIOR PROBABILITY : of the probability of an event : determine d without knowledge of the occurrence of other events that bear on it, before additional data is collected .
***** Usage notes
- Etymologically, the [antonym] of _prior_ is [en] (compare [en] [obsolete] and [en] ). However, as this word is regarded as [archaic] , typically either [en] or [en] is used as an antonym, though they are more formal than _prior_ , and are etymological antonyms with other words— [en] and [en] , respectively.
- If an opposing pair of words is desired, instead of _prior_ , [en] (antonym: [en] ) or [en] (antonym: [en] ) can be used.
***** Derived terms
{{col3|en |prior art |priorate |prior authorization |prioristic<ll:rare>
|prior knowledge |priorly |prior probability |prior restraint |prior to
|recognition of prior learning }}
***** Related terms
- [en]
- [en]
***** Translations
[coming before in importance, order, or time]
- Bulgarian: [bg] , [bg]
- Chinese:
- Finnish: [fi]
- French: [fr]
- Galician: [gl]
- German: [de] , [de] , [de]
- Italian: [it]
- Japanese: [ja] , [ja] , [ja]
- Latin: [la]
- Macedonian: [mk]
- Persian: [fa]
- Portuguese: [pt]
- Romanian: [ro] , [ro]
- Russian: [ru] , [ru] , [ru]
- Spanish: [es]
- Vietnamese: [vi]
[trans-bottom]
[more important or significant]
- Finnish: [fi]
- Macedonian: [mk]
[trans-bottom]
[of the probability of an event: determined without knowledge of the
occurrence of other events that bear on it]
- Catalan: [ca]
- Chinese:
- Finnish: [fi]
- French: [fr]
- German: [de]
- Italian: [it]
- Japanese: [ja]
- Korean: [ko]
- Macedonian: [mk]
- Portuguese: [pt]
- Russian: [ru]
- Spanish: [es]
- Turkish: [tr]
- Ukrainian: [uk]
[trans-bottom]
**** Adverb
[en-adv]
1. _Chiefly followed by_ TO : in advance , before , previously .
2. * [en]
***** Translations
[in advance, before, previously]
**** Noun
[en-noun]
1. [en] [en] A prior probability distribution , that is, one determine d without knowledge of the occurrence of other events that bear on it, before additional data is collected . [from 20th c.]
1. [en] In the rationalsphere : a belief supported by previous evidence or experience that one can use to make inference s about the future .
2. * [en]
3. * [en]
2. [en] A previous arrest or criminal conviction on someone's criminal record . [from 19th c.]
3. * [en]
***** Derived terms
- [en]
- [en]
***** Translations
[prior probability distribution]
- Finnish: [fi] , [fi]
- Russian: [ru]
[trans-bottom]
[in the rationalsphere: belief supported by previous evidence or experience
that one can use to make inferences about the future]
- Finnish: [fi]
- Macedonian: [mk]
[trans-bottom]
[previous arrest or criminal conviction on someone’s criminal record]
- Bulgarian: [bg]
- Chinese:
- Finnish: [fi] , [fi]
- French: [fr] , [fr]
- German: [de]
- Romanian: [ro]
- Spanish: [es]
[trans-bottom]
*** Etymology 2
[en] From [en], [enm],[4] from [en], from [en], [xno], [xno], and [en], [fro]
(modern [fr]), and directly from their [etymon] [en] (whence [LL.]), a [noun]
use of [la]: see etymology 1.[5]
**** Noun
[en-noun]
1. [en] [en] A high-ranking member of a religious house or religious order .
1. In an abbey , the person ranking just after the abbot , appoint ed as his deputy ; a prior claustral .
2. * [title=Tyndale]
3. The head of a [en] , or some other minor or smaller monastery; a prior conventual .
4. The head friar of a house of friars.
5. The head of the 吴语: Arrouaise Abbey , Augustinian , and formerly Premonstratensian religious orders.
6. An honorary position held by a priest in some cathedrals .
7. * [volume=I]
2. [en]
1. A chief magistrate of the [Republic of Florence] (1115–1569) in what is now Italy .
2. * [chapter=Of Venice]
3. The elected head of a guild of craftsmen or merchants in some countries in Europe and South America .
3. [en]
1. A person who is the earliest or most prominent in a field ; the chief .
2. [en] The head of a company .
***** Alternative forms
- [en] [obsolete]
***** Derived terms
{{col|en |alien prior |Ditton Priors |grand prior |great prior<ll:historical>
|Jeffreys prior |Hurstbourne Priors |prioracy<ll:obsolete,rare> |prioral
|prior claustral |prior conventual |prioress |priorly<ll:obsolete,rare>
|priorship |Salford Priors |Stoke Prior |subprior |Swaffham Prior }}
***** Related terms
- [en]
***** Translations
[in an abbey, the person ranking just after the abbot, appointed as his
deputy]
- Belarusian: [be]
- Breton: [br]
- Bulgarian: [bg] , [bg]
- Catalan: [ca]
- Czech: [cs]
- Danish: [da]
- Dutch: [nl]
- Esperanto: [eo] , [eo]
- Estonian: [et]
- Finnish: [fi]
- French: [fr]
- Galician: [gl]
- Georgian: [ka]
- German: [de]
- Hungarian: [hu]
- Icelandic: [is]
- Ido: [io]
- Irish: [ga]
- Italian: [it]
- Latin: [la]
- Limburgish: [li]
- Norwegian:
- Polish: [pl]
- Portuguese: [pt]
- Russian: [ru] , [ru]
- Spanish: [es]
- Swedish: [sv]
- Ukrainian: [uk]
- Urdu: [ur]
[trans-bottom]
[head of a priory, or some other minor or smaller monastery]
- Finnish: [fi]
- French: [fr] , [fr]
- Macedonian: [mk]
- Portuguese: [pt] , [pt] , [pt]
- Spanish: [es] , [es]
- Swedish: [sv] , [sv]
[trans-bottom]
[head friar of a house of friars]
- Finnish: [fi]
- Macedonian: [mk]
[trans-bottom]
[head of the Arrouaisian, Augustinian, and formerly Premonstratensian
religious orders]
- Finnish: [fi]
- Macedonian: [mk]
[trans-bottom]
[honorary position held by a priest in some cathedrals]
- Finnish: [fi]
- Macedonian: [mk]
[trans-bottom]
[chief magistrate of the Republic of Florence]
- Finnish: [fi]
- Macedonian: [mk]
[trans-bottom]
[elected head of a guild of craftsmen or merchants in some countries in Europe
and South America]
- Finnish: [fi]
- Macedonian: [mk]
[trans-bottom]
*** References
References:
[1]. Compare {{ R:OED Online | pos=adj. _, _ adv. _, and _ n. '' [2] | noformat=1 | id=8086462194 | date=December 2023 }}
[2]. [alt=prior [1]]
[3]. [alt=prior [1]]
[4]. [entry=prī̆ǒur]
[5]. [pos= _n._ [1]] ; [alt=prior [2]]
*** Further reading
- [prior convictions]
- [prior (ecclesiastical)]
- [prior probability]
- [2=prior (disambiguation)]
[en]
** Catalan
*** Etymology
[ca].
*** Pronunciation
- [[ó(r) ]] < !-- per GDLC and DCVB; not like superior -->
- [ca]
*** Noun
[m]
1. [en] [a high-ranking member of a monastery]
**** Related terms
- [ca]
- [ca]
*** Further reading
- [R:ca:IEC2]
- [R:ca:GDLC]
- [R:ca:DNV]
- [R:ca:DCVB]
[ca]
** Latin
*** Etymology
From [la], from earlier [itc-pro], from [itc-pro] + [itc-pro], thus the
comparative degree of [la], from [itc-pro] from [la].
*** Pronunciation
- [la-IPA]
*** Adjective
[prior]
1. former , prior , previous , earlier [preceding in time]
2. * [la]
3. the first , the original
4. in front
5. [la] better , superior
6. * {{ Q | la | Virgil | Aeneid | 4 | 321 | thru=323 | quote=“ [ ... ] tē propter eundem / exstīnctus pudor et, quā sōlā sīdera adībam, / fāma PRIOR . [ ... ] ” | trans= '' “Likewise, because of you, my sense of honor is gone, and a BETTER reputation which was my only way to the stars.” {"content": "''", "type": "DELIM", "wikinode": "WikiDelimNode"} <br/> (As a widow, Dido's chastity and devotion to the memory of her first husband would have been well-regarded in Augustan Rome.) }}
7. [la] abbot , prior
**** Usage notes
- This adjective has no positive form; rather, it serves as the comparative ( [la] ) and superlative ( [la] ) of the preposition [la] . (Compare the preposition [la] , with comparative [la] and superlative [la] ).
**** Declension
- [prior]
**** Derived terms
- [la]
- [la]
- [la]
- [la]
**** Related terms
- [la]
**** Descendants
- [bor=1]
- [bor=1]
- [bor=1]
- [bor=1]
- [bor=1]
- [bor=1]
- [bor=1]
- [bor=1]
- [bor=1]
- [bor=1]
- [de]
- [bor=1]
- [bor=1]
- [bor=1]
- [bor=1]
- [bor=1]
- [bor=1]
*** References
- [R:L&S]
- [R:Elementary Lewis]
- [R:du Cange]
- [R:Gaffiot]
- [R:M&A]
[la] [la]
** Portuguese
*** Etymology
From [pt].
*** Pronunciation
[priôr]
- [pt]
*** Noun
[m]
1. [pt] [en] [superior of a religious or military order.]
**** Derived terms
[pt]
**** Related terms
[pt]
*** Further reading
- [R:pt:Infopédia]
- [R:pt:Priberam]
- [lang=pt]
[pt]
** Spanish
*** Etymology
From [es].
*** Pronunciation
[es-pr]
*** Noun
[m]
1. [en] [a high-ranking member of a monastery]
**** Derived terms
[es]
**** Related terms
[es]
*** Further reading
- [R:es:DRAE]
[es]