From en.wiktionary.org:
[Appendix:Variations of "pas"] [minitoc]
** Translingual
*** Symbol
[mul-symbol]
1. [3]
*** See also
- [[pagename]]
** English
*** Etymology 1
[en] Borrowed from [en].
**** Pronunciation
- [en]
- [en]
**** Noun
[pas]
1. [en] The right of going foremost ; precedence . [from 18th c.]
2. * {{ quote-book | en | year=1792 | author=w:Charlotte Smith | title=Desmond | publisher=Broadview | year_published=2001 | page=71
|passage=‘Nobody of any elegance of manners can exist, where tradesmen,
attornies, and mechanics have the _PAS_.’}}
1. * [passage=Even Mrs. Bute Crawley, the Rector's wife, refused to visit her, as she said she would never give the PAS to a tradesman's daughter.]
2. A step in a dance . [from 18th c.]
3. * [chapter=18]
***** Derived terms
- [en]
***** Translations
[step]
- Bulgarian: [bg]
- Chinese:
- Finnish: [fi] , [fi]
- French: [fr]
- German: [de]
- Polish: [pl]
- Russian: [ru]
[trans-bottom]
**** See also
[en]
*** Etymology 2
- see [en]
**** Pronunciation
- [en]
- [en]
**** Noun
[en]
1. [en]
*** Anagrams
- [en]
[en]
** Afrikaans
*** Pronunciation
- [af]
- [af]
*** Noun
[passe]
1. pace , step
2. pass (a card or document)
*** References
- 2007. The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive (see http://archive.phonetics.ucla.edu/) . Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Department of Linguistics.
** Albanian
*** Alternative forms
- [sq]
- [sq]
*** Etymology
From [sq], from [sq]. Cognate to [grc], [cu].
*** Preposition
[ab]
1. behind , beyond
2. after
3. at
4. over
5. against
*** Adverb
[sq-adv]
1. behind
2. after
3. hence
**** Derived terms
- [sq]
- [sq]
- [sq]
- [sq]
**** Related terms
- [sq]
- [sq]
- [sq]
** Antillean Creole
*** Conjunction
[gcf]
1. because
** Aragonese
[an]
*** Pronunciation
[an-pr]
*** Adverb
[an]
1. [emphasises a negation] ; (not) [en] ; (not) [en]
2. * {{ quote-book | an | year=2010 | author=Academia de l’Aragonés | title=Propuesta ortografica de l’Academia de l’Aragonés | edition=2nd | publisher=Edacar | page=I
|passage=–pero no PAS superficial, asperamos– |translation=– but not AT ALL
superficial, we hope –}}
1. * {{ quote-book | an | year=2010 | author=Academia de l’Aragonés | title=Propuesta ortografica de l’Academia de l’Aragonés | edition=2nd | publisher=Edacar | page=20
|passage=No ocurre PAS debant de f-, [...] |translation=It doesn’t EVER occur
before f-, [...]}}
*** See also
- [an]
** Asturian
*** Noun
[ast]
1. [ast]
** Azerbaijani
*** Etymology
Ultimately from [az].
*** Noun
[az-noun]
1. rust
1. deteriorated state of iron or steel [az]
2. disease of plants
2. [az] shame , disgrace , infamy
**** Declension
[a]
**** Related terms
- [az]
*** Further reading
- [R:az:Obastan]
** Bau Bidayuh
*** Noun
[sne]
1. squirrel [rodent]
[sne]
** Catalan
*** Pronunciation
- [ca-IPA]
- [ca]
- [ca]
- [ca]
*** Etymology 1
[ca], from [ca]. Its use as an auxiliary adverb comes from an accusative use
(Latin [la]) in negative constructions – literally ‘not…a step’, i.e. ‘not at
all’ – originally used with certain verbs of motion. Compare similarly used
[fr]. Cognate with [gl,es] and [pt].
**** Noun
[m]
1. pace , step
2. [ca] paso , Spanish pace , [a traditional unit of length]
3. [ca] pace , action
4. pace , gait , rhythm of walking
***** Synonyms
- [ca]
***** Coordinate terms
- [unit of length] [ca] [⅕ pas] , [ca] [⅗ pas] , [ca] [1⅕ pas]
***** Derived terms
- [ca]
***** Related terms
- [ca]
**** Adverb
[ca-adv]
1. [ca] [used to intensify negation:] at all , ever
***** Usage notes
- The main marker of negation in Catalan is the adverb [ca] . _No_ is placed before the verbs, while [ca] is usually placed after it. Unlike Occitan or French, where [oc] and [fr] is a mandatory negative particle (under many circumstances); in Catalan, [ca] is only used as an optional intensifier of negation. However, some northern dialects use "pas" instead of "no" as the mandatory negative particle. Also, in many dialects "pas" has totally disappeared.
*** Etymology 2
[ca].
**** Noun
[m]
1. passing
2. crossing
3. passage
4. pitch [distance between evenly spaced objects]
***** Derived terms
- [ca]
- [ca]
- [ca]
- [ca]
*** References
- [R:ca:IEC2]
- [R:ca:GDLC]
- [R:ca:DNV]
- [R:ca:DCVB]
[ca]
** Chuukese
*** Preposition
[chk]
1. past
** Cornish
*** Pronunciation
- [kw]
*** Etymology 1
[kw] From [kw], from [kw], from [kw]. Cognate with [br] and [cy].
**** Noun
[m]
1. [en]
***** Derived terms
{{col|kw |losanj pas<t:cough sweet> |pas garm<t:whooping cough>
|pasa<t:cough><pos:v> }}
**** Verb
[kw]
1. [kw]
2. [kw]
*** Etymology 2
Borrowed from [kw].
**** Noun
[m]
1. [en] , [en]
*** Mutation
[p]
** Cypriot Arabic
[p-w-s]
*** Etymology
From [acy].
*** Verb
[I] [acy]
1. to kiss
*** References
- [page=168]
** Czech
[lang=cs]
*** Pronunciation
- [cs-IPA]
- [cs]
*** Etymology 1
**** Noun
[m-in]
1. [cs]
***** Declension
[m.loce:u]
*** Etymology 2
**** Noun
[m-in]
1. passport
***** Declension
[m.loce:u]
***** Derived terms
[cs]
*** Etymology 3
[nonlemma]
**** Verb
[cs]
1. [cs]
*** Further reading
- [R:cs:PSJC]
- [R:cs:SSJC]
- [R:cs:IJP]
** Danish
*** Etymology 1
Borrowed from [da], from [da].
**** Noun
[et]
1. passport
***** Declension
[et]
*** Etymology 2
From [da] and [da], from [da].
**** Noun
[et]
1. [da] mountain pass
***** Declension
[et]
*** Etymology 3
Borrowed from [da], from [da].
**** Noun
[en]
1. [da] pass
***** Declension
[en]
**** Further reading
- [R:DDO]
** Dutch
*** Pronunciation
- [nl]
- [nl]
- [nl]
- [nl]
*** Etymology 1
[nl], from [nl], from [dum], from [nl], from [nl]. Equivalent to a derivation
from etymology 2.
**** Adverb
[nl-adv]
1. just , recently
2. hardly
3. only , not until, not any soon er
4. now … really
***** Derived terms
{{col|nl |pasgeboren |pasgeleden |pasgetrouwd }}
***** Descendants
- [af]
- [dcr]
- [djk]
- [hns]
- [jvn]
- [id]
- [vo]
**** Adjective
[pred]
1. fitting , having a proper fit , having the correct size and shape
***** Derived terms
{{col|nl |waterpas }}
***** Descendants
- [id]
*** Etymology 2
From [nl], from [nl], from [nl].
**** Noun
[m]
1. pace , step ; also as a measure of distance
2. [nl] mountain pass
3. fit of an object, notably depending on forms and/or dimensions
***** Derived terms
{{col|nl |bergpas |danspas |looppas |wandelpas }}
***** Descendants
- [af]
- [id]
*** Etymology 3
From [nl] or from etymology 2.
**** Noun
[m]
1. pass , passport [travel document]
2. identification document
***** Derived terms
{{col|nl |bankpas |betaalpas |ledenpas |pasfoto |pinpas |reispas }}
***** Descendants
- [af]
- [jvn]
- [id]
- [pap]
*** Etymology 4
[nonlemma]
**** Verb
[nl]
1. [nl]
*** Anagrams
- [nl]
** Epigraphic Mayan
*** Verb
[emy]
1.. to open
** Finnish
*** Etymology
[fi]
*** Pronunciation
[fi-pronunciation]
*** Interjection
[fi]
1. [fi] I pass !
*** Further reading
- [accessdate=2023-07-03]
** French
*** Etymology
[fr], from [fr].
Its use as an auxiliary negative adverb comes from an accusative use ([la]) in
negative constructions – literally “not… a step”, i.e. “not at all” –
originally used with certain verbs of motion. In older French other nouns
could also be used in this way, such as [fr] and [fr], but in the modern
language [fr] has become [Grammaticalization].
*** Pronunciation
- [fr-IPA]
- [fr]
- [fr]
- [fr]
- [fr]
- [fr]
- [fr]
- [fr]
- [fr]
- [fr]
- [fr]
- [fr]
- [fr]
*** Noun
[m]
1. step , pace , footstep
2. * [fr]
3. [fr] strait , pass
4. thread , pitch [of a screw or nut]
**** Derived terms
{{col3|fr |à deux pas |à grands pas |à pas de géant |à pas de loup |à pas de
tortue |à pas feutrés |allonger le pas |au pas de charge |au pas de course |au
pas de gymnastique |céder le pas |de ce pas |emboîter le pas |en dire des
vertes et des pas mûres |faire le premier pas |faire les cent pas |faux pas
|franchir le pas |il n'y a que le premier pas qui coûte |marquer le pas
|mettre au pas |pas à pas |pas chassé |pas d'armes |Pas de Calais |pas de chat
|pas japonais |prendre le pas |presser le pas |revenir sur ses pas |salle des
pas perdus |sauter le pas |tirer d'un mauvais pas }}
*** Adverb
[fr-adv]
1. [The most common adverb of negation in French, typically translating into English as not , don't , doesn't , etc.]
2. [fr] [used as an [intensifier] in underlying rethorical questions, mostly with [fr]]
**** Usage notes
- The adverb of negation [FR] is normally used in conjunction with the particle [fr] , as in the examples [fr] and [fr] above. In colloquial language, [fr] can be dropped, as in the example [fr] above.
- Word order: [1]
- [FR] directly follows the inflected verb, which itself follows the particle [fr] ;
- in compound verb structures it is placed between the inflected auxiliary and the participle.
- When negating an infinitive verb, [FR] normally follows [fr] and precedes that verb in the construction [fr] + infinitive (though the sequence [fr] + infinitive + [FR] was common in the Classical French of the 17th and 18th centuries).
- [fr] can be placed before an adverb that modifies all or part of a verbal syntagma, but it directly follows an adverb that modifies the whole sentence.
- Certain adverbs (e.g. [fr] ) can be used before or after [FR] without affecting the meaning of the phrase. With other adverbs (e.g. [fr] ), there may be considerable difference in meaning depending on whether [FR] comes before or after.
**** Synonyms
- [fr]
**** Derived terms
{{col3|fr |avec pas de |pourquoi pas |je ne comprends pas |même pas |pas de
|pas du tout |pas de problème |pas de quoi |pas de souci |pas encore |pas pour
un sou }}
**** Related terms
- [fr]
- [fr]
*** References
References:
[1]. [R:fr:TLFi]
[2]. [pages=344-5]
** Friulian
*** Etymology
From [fur].
*** Noun
[m]
1. step , footstep
2. pace
**** Related terms
- [fur]
** Indonesian
*** Pronunciation
- [id]
- [id]
- [id]
*** Etymology 1
Borrowed from [id], [nl], from [id], [dum], from [id], from [id], [la], from
[id], [ine-pro].
- Sense of "to pass , to achieve a successful outcome from" is [id] or [id] which both are cognate of above.
**** Noun
[id-noun]
1. pass , permission or license to pass, or to go and come
2. mountain pass
***** Related terms
{{col|id |pasase |paspor |pasfoto }}
**** Adjective
[id]
1. [id] fit , suitable , proper
***** Derived terms
{{col|id |mengepas |mengepaskan |pas-pasan }} {{col|id |pas badan }}
***** Related terms
{{col|id |kamar pas |waterpas }}
**** Verb
[id-verb]
1. [id] to pass , to achieve a successful outcome from
*** Etymology 2
Possibly borrowed and adapted from [id], a deverbal from [nl], from [id], from
[dum], from [id], from [id]. Therefore related to etymology 1.
**** Adverb
[id-adv]
1. [id] only , not until, not any soon er
2. * {{ quote-journal | id | date=July 16, 2022 | author=Fitri Haryanti Harsono | title=Traveling Naik Pesawat Mulai 17 Juli 2022, Bolehkah Booster Pas Hari H Berangkat? | work=w:Liputan 6 | url=https://www.liputan6.com/health/read/5015215/traveling-naik-pesawat-mulai-17-juli-2022-bolehkah-booster-pas-hari-h-berangkat?page=2
|passage=Vaksinasi booster untuk perjalanan naik pesawat PAS hari H
keberangkatan, boleh atau tidak?|t=Can booster vaccinations for plane travels
be taken (PRECISELY) ON the day of the departure, or not?}}
1. [id] when , at the time of
2. * {{ quote-journal | id | date=February 26, 2024 | author=Nirmala Maulana Achmad | author2=Ihsanuddin | title=TKN: Kebetulan Program Bansos Pas Mau Pemilu, Kebaikan Pak Jokowi Berdampak ke Prabowo-Gibran | work=w:Kompas | url=https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2024/02/26/20240611/tkn-kebetulan-program-bansos-pas-mau-pemilu-kebaikan-pak-jokowi-berdampak-ke#
|passage="[...] Kebetulan saja program ini bertepatan PAS mau pemilu atau
pileg dan pilpres," kata Afriansyah saat dihubungi, Senin
(26/2/2024).|t="[...] It is only coincidental that the program coincides with
THE TIME THAT the general elections, or WHEN the legislative and presidential
elections were starting," as Afriansyah remarked during our correspondence,
Monday (02/26/2024).}}
**** Conjunction
[id]
1. [id] when
**** Preposition
[id]
1. [id] during , at the time of
**** Usage notes
- The word is very often used in casual and colloquial exchanges. However, the adverb's etymology is unusually scarcely scrutinized despite its common occurrences in day-to-day speech.
*** Etymology 3
**** Noun
[id-noun]
1. [id] [id]
*** Further reading
- [R:KBBI Daring]
** Irish
*** Pronunciation
- [ga]
*** Noun
[m]
1. passport
2. pass
**** Declension
[p]
*** Mutation
[ga-mut]
** Lithuanian
*** Etymology
From [lt], from [lt]. Cognate with [sla-pro], [la].[2]
*** Pronunciation
- [lt]
*** Preposition
[lt]
1. [usually with accusative] by ; with ; at
*** References
References:
[1]. [R:fr:TLFi]
[2]. [pages=344-5]
** Lombard
*** Noun
[lmo]
1. peace
** Lower Sorbian
*** Etymology
From [dsb].
*** Pronunciation
- [dsb]
*** Noun
[m-in]
1. belt
**** Declension
[pas]
** Middle French
*** Etymology
From [frm].
*** Noun
[m]
1. pace ; step
**** Descendants
- [fr]
** Mofu-Gudur
*** Noun
[mif]
1. sun , day
** Occitan
*** Pronunciation
- [oc]
*** Etymology 1
From [oc], from [oc].
**** Adverb
[oc-adv]
1. [oc] not [negates the meaning of a verb]
2. [Intensifies adverbs of negation]
***** Derived terms
{{col3|oc |pas enquera |pas jamai }}
*** Etymology 2
**** Noun
[oc]
1. step , pace
** Old French
*** Pronunciation
- [fro]
*** Etymology 1
From [fro].
**** Noun
[m]
1. pace ; step
2. * [fro]
***** Descendants
- [en]
- [frm]
*** Etymology 2
From [fro].
**** Noun
[m]
1. [fro]
2. * [fro]
**** See also
- [fro]
** Papiamentu
*** Etymology
From [pap] and [pap] and [pap].
*** Noun
[pap]
1. peace
** Phalura
*** Etymology
From [phl].
*** Pronunciation
- [phl]
*** Postposition
[phl]
1. after
*** References
- [R:phl:Liljegren:Vocab]
** Polish
[lang=pl]
*** Etymology 1
[pl] [pl] [pl].
**** Alternative forms
- [pl]
**** Pronunciation
[a=Pl-pas.ogg]
**** Noun
[m-in]
1. belt
2. lane [lengthwise division of roadway]
3. [pl] fess
4. [pl] waist
5. [pl] crosswalk , pedestrian crossing , zebra crossing [pedestrian crossing featuring broad white stripes]
6. [pl] stripes [pattern formed by parallelepiped rectangles touching at their longest side and having a different color or texture]
7. [pl] strap in a horse 's harness that runs across the back
8. [pl] grain strip [binder for binding grain into sheaves]
***** Declension
[pa]
***** Derived terms
[pl] [wziąć nogi za pas/brać nogi za pas]
***** Descendants
- [be]
- [yi]
*** Etymology 2
[pl].
**** Pronunciation
[a=Pl-pas.ogg]
**** Noun
[m-in]
1. [pl] pass
***** Declension
[pl-decl-noun-m-in]
***** Derived terms
[powiedzieć pas/mówić pas]
*** Etymology 3
[pl] [pl].
**** Pronunciation
[pa]
**** Noun
[m-in]
1. pas , step
*** Further reading
- [R:pl:WSJP]
- [R:pl:PWN]
- [13]
[pl]
** Portuguese
*** Etymology
[pt].
*** Pronunciation
[pt]
- [pt]
*** Contraction
[pt]
1. [pt] [pt] ; [pt]
** Romanian
*** Pronunciation
- [ro]
- [ro]
- [ro]
*** Etymology 1
[ro].
**** Noun
[m]
1. step , pace , footstep , stride
2. step [stage of a process]
3. gait
***** Declension
[pl=pași]
***** Derived terms
- [ro]
- [ro]
- [ro]
- [ro]
- [ro]
***** Related terms
- [ro]
***** See also
- [ro]
*** Etymology 2
[ro], [ro].
**** Noun
[n]
1. [ro] mountain pass
2. [ro] passport
***** Declension
[ro-noun-n-uri]
** Scottish Gaelic
*** Noun
[g=m]
1. pass [permission]
** Serbo-Croatian
*** Alternative forms
- [sh]
*** Etymology 1
[sh].
**** Pronunciation
- [sh]
**** Noun
[pȁs]
1. dog
***** Declension
{{sh-decl-noun |pȁs|psȉ |psȁ|pásā |psȕ|psȉma |psȁ|psȅ |psȅ / psȕ|psȉ
|psȕ|psȉma |psȍm|psȉma }}
*** Etymology 2
[sh]. Compare [cs], [pl].
**** Pronunciation
- [sh]
**** Noun
[pȃs]
1. [sh] belt , girdle
2. [sh] waist , waistline
***** Declension
{{sh-decl-noun |pȃs|pásovi / pȁsovi |pȃsa|pásōvā / pȁsōvā |pȃsu|pásovima /
pȁsovima |pȃs|pásove / pȁsove |pȃse|pásovi / pȁsovi |pásu|pásovima / pȁsovima
|pȃsom|pásovima / pȁsovima }}
***** Derived terms
- [sh]
***** Related terms
- [sh]
- [sh]
*** Etymology 3
[sh] or [sh].
**** Pronunciation
- [sh]
**** Noun
[pȃs]
1. [sh] pass
***** Declension
{{sh-decl-noun |pȃs|pȃsovi |pȃsa|pȃsōvā |pȃsu|pȃsovima |pȃs|pȃsove
|pȃse|pȃsovi |pȃsu|pȃsovima |pȃsom|pȃsovima }}
[sh]
** Slovak
*** Pronunciation
- [sk-IPA]
*** Noun
[m-in]
1. passport
**** Declension
[m-in]
*** Further reading
- [R:sk:SDK]
** Spanish
*** Noun
[es]
1. [es]
** Tatar
*** Alternative forms
- [tt]
*** Noun
[tt]
1. price
** Tok Pisin
*** Etymology
From [tpi].
*** Noun
[tpi]
1. pouch
**** Derived terms
- [tpi]
*** Adjective
[tpi]
1. closed ; shut ; sealed
2. * [Jenesis]
**** Derived terms
- [tpi]
- [tpi]
- [tpi]
*** Related terms
- [tpi]
** Turkish
*** Pronunciation
- [tr]
- [tr]
*** Etymology 1
[tr], ultimately from [tr].
**** Noun
[ı]
1. rust [oxidation of metal]
***** Declension
[a]
***** Derived terms
{{col4|tr |akpas |antipas |bakır pası |bodur pas |buğday pası |demir pası |kir
pas |pas açmak |pas bağlamak |pas giderici |paslanmak |paslatmak |paslı |pas
mantarı |pas önleyici |pas rengi |pas tutmak}}
**** Further reading
- [R:tr:TDK]
- [R:lugatim]
- [pas1]
- [pas1]
*** Etymology 2
[tr] or from [tr].
**** Noun
[ı]
1. [tr] pass [The act of moving the ball or puck from one player to another.]
***** Derived terms
{{col4|tr |ara pası |duvar pası |pas almak |pas atmak |pas etmek |pas geçirmek
|pas geçmek |paslamak |paslaşmak |pas vermek |pas vermemek |sektirme pas |tek
pas}}
***** Related terms
- [tr]
**** Interjection
[tr]
1. [tr] [A phrase indicating that the player is declining to play their turn] ; I pass
**** Further reading
- [R:tr:TDK]
- [R:lugatim]
- [pas2]
- [pas2]
[tr]
** Volapük
*** Etymology
Apparently introduced by [Arie de Jong] in Volapük Nulik. If so, probably
borrowed from [vo].
*** Pronunciation
- [vo]
*** Adverb
[vo]
1. only recently , just now
2. * [vo]
** Welsh
*** Etymology 1
[cy] From [cy]. In turn from [cy] and [cy].
**** Alternative forms
- [obsolete] [cy]
**** Pronunciation
- [cy]
- [cy]
**** Noun
[m]
1. cough (instance of coughing)
2. cough (illness characterised by coughing)
***** Derived terms
- [cy]
*** Etymology 2
[cy] [cy].
**** Alternative forms
- [obsolete] [cy]
**** Pronunciation
- [cy]
- [cy]
**** Noun
[mf]
1. pace , stride
2. pace , speed
3. pace [unit of measurement equal to five feet]
*** Etymology 3
[cy] [cy].
**** Pronunciation
- [cy]
- [cy]
- [cy]
**** Noun
[m]
1. excellence
***** Related terms
- [cy]
*** Mutation
[cy-mut]
*** Mutation
- [R:cy:GPC]