From en.wiktionary.org:
[Appendix:Variations of "par"] [minitoc]
** Translingual
*** Etymology
[mul] [mul] with [mul] as a placeholder.
*** Symbol
[mul-symbol]
1. [3]
*** See also
- [[pagename]]
** English
*** Etymology 1
Abbreviations
**** Noun
[en]
1. [en] .
2. * [en]
3. [en] .
4. [en] .
**** Adjective
[en]
1. [en] .
*** Etymology 2
Borrowed from [en], from [en]. [en].
**** Pronunciation
- [en]
- [en]
- [en]
- [en]
- [en]
- [en]
**** Preposition
[en-prep]
1. [en] By; with.
***** Usage notes
- Used frequently in Middle English in phrases taken from French , being sometimes written as a part of the word which it governs; as, par amour , or paramour ; par cas , or parcase ; par fay , or parfay .
*** Etymology 3
Borrowed from [en].
**** Noun
[~]
1. Equal value; equality of nominal and actual value; the value expressed on the face or in the words of a certificate of value, as a bond or other commercial paper.
2. Equality of condition or circumstances.
3. [en] [en] The allotted number of strokes to reach the hole.
4. [en] A hole in which a player achieves par.
5. * {{ quote-journal | en | date=2009 January 18 | title=Paul Casey storms to four-stroke lead in Abu Dhabi | journal=Herald Sun | url=http://www.news.com.au/heraldsun/story/0,21985,24927985-11088,00.html
|passage=Kaymer started with six straight PARS before making a birdie on the
seventh and an eagle on the eighth.}}
1. [en] An amount which is taken as an average or mean .
***** Coordinate terms
[golf score]
- [en]
- [en]
- [en]
- [en]
- [en]
- [en]
- [en]
***** Derived terms
{{col3|en|title=terms derived from _par (noun)_ |below par|no-par |mint
par,mint par of exchange |on par,on a par |par for the course |above par|par
value|par yield|subpar |under par |up to par }}
**** Verb
[en-verb]
1. [en] To reach the hole in the allotted number of strokes.
*** Etymology 4
**** Noun
[en-noun]
1. [en] .
*** Etymology 5
Borrowed from Jamaican Creole, itself from partner.
**** Verb
[en-verb]
1. [en] To associate , to chill , to hang .
2. * [en]
3. * [en]
4. * [en]
*** See also
[en]
*** Anagrams
- [en]
** Ambonese Malay
*** Etymology
Borrowed from [abs].
*** Preposition
[abs]
1. for
2. in order to
*** References
- [R:abs:Takaria; Pieter:1998]
** Aromanian
*** Etymology 1
From [rup]. Compare Daco-[ro], [ro].
**** Alternative forms
- [rup]
**** Verb
[pp=pãrutã]
1. to seem , appear
***** Derived terms
- [rup] / [rup]
- [rup]
***** See also
- [rup]
*** Etymology 2
From [rup]. Compare Daco-[ro].
**** Alternative forms
- [rup]
**** Noun
[rup]
1. stake
***** Related terms
- [rup]
** Catalan
*** Etymology
From [ca]. The sports usage is a [ca].
*** Pronunciation
- [parr] < !-- per DCVB -->
- [ca]
*** Adjective
[mf]
1. [ca] similar , equal
2. [ca] even
*** Noun
[m]
1. [ca] peer
2. [ca] [en]
**** Derived terms
- [ca]
*** Further reading
- [R:ca:GDLC]
- [R:ca:DNV]
- [R:ca:DCVB]
** Chavacano
*** Etymology
[cbk].
*** Pronunciation
[cbk-IPA]
*** Noun
[cbk-noun]
1. pair
** Danish
*** Etymology 1
From late [da], from [da], from [da].
**** Pronunciation
- [da]
- [da]
**** Noun
[stem=parr]
1. pair
2. couple
***** Inflection
[stem=parr]
*** Etymology 2
Borrowed from [da].
**** Pronunciation
- [da]
**** Noun
[da]
1. [da] [en] [the allotted number of strokes to reach the hole]
*** Etymology 3
[nonlemma]
**** Pronunciation
- [da]
**** Verb
[da]
1. [da]
** Faroese
*** Etymology
From late [fo], from [fo], from [fo].
*** Pronunciation
- [fo]
- [fo]
*** Noun
[n]
1. pair
**** Declension
[p]
** Franco-Provençal
*** Etymology
From [frp].
*** Adjective
[f=pare] [frp]
1. even , equal
*** References
- [pair]
- [20699]
** French
*** Etymology
[fr], from [fr], from [fr], from [fr].
*** Pronunciation
- [fr-IPA]
- [fr]
- [fr]
- [fr]
- [fr]
- [fr]
*** Preposition
[fr-prep]
1. through
2. by [used to introduce a means; used to introduce an agent in a passive construction]
3. over [used to express direction]
4. from [used to describe the origin of something, especially a view or movement]
5. around , round [inside of]
6. on [situated on, used in certain phrases]
7. on , at , in [used to denote a time when something occurs]
8. in < !--gloss needed-->
9. per , a , an
10. out of [used to describe the reason for something]
11. for < !--needs a gloss-->
**** Derived terms
- [fr]
- [fr]
- [fr]
- [fr]
**** Descendants
- [bor=1]
*** Noun
[m]
1. [fr] par
*** Further reading
- [R:fr:TLFi]
*** Anagrams
- [fr]
** Friulian
*** Etymology
From [fur].
*** Preposition
[fur]
1. for
2. through
3. by
** Gabrielino-Fernandeño
*** Alternative forms
- [xgf] [/paːr/] , [xgf]
- [xgf]
*** Etymology
From [xgf].
*** Noun
[xgf]
1. water
*** References
- Kroeber, _Shoshonean Dialects of California_ , in _University of California Publications: American archaeology and ethnology_ , volume 4, page 81
- HG (see https://huntergatherer.la.utexas.edu/languages/language/17)
[xgf]
** German
*** Determiner
[de]
1. [de]
** Icelandic
*** Pronunciation
- [is]
- [is]
- [is]
*** Etymology 1
[is], from [is].
**** Noun
[@@:pair]
1. pair
2. couple [two people who are dating]
3. [is] pair
***** Declension
[n]
*** Etymology 2
[is].
**** Noun
[@@:par]
1. [is] [en]
***** Declension
[n.sg]
** Indo-Portuguese
*** Etymology
From [idb], from [idb], from [idb] + [la].
*** Preposition
[idb]
1. [idb] [en] [indicates indirect object]
2. * {{ quote-text | idb | year=1883 | author=Hugo Schuchardt | title=Kreolische Studien | volume=3
|passage=Já fallou PAR su pai aquêl mais piquin, [...] |translation=The
youngest one told (literally: _said TO_) his father [...]}}
1. [idb] [en] [indicates subject of an infinitive]
2. * {{ quote-text | idb | year=1883 | author=Hugo Schuchardt | title=Kreolische Studien | volume=3
|passage=Trasê tamêm um vaquinh bem gord e matá PAR nós comê e PAR nós regalá:
|translation=Bring also a small and very fat cow and kill (it) FOR us to eat
and FOR us to regale ourselves:}}
** Istriot
*** Etymology
From [ist].
*** Preposition
[ist]
1. for
2. through
** Italian
*** Pronunciation
[[ȧ ] < r:DOP:lid#1064376>]
*** Verb
[it]
1. [it] : [it]
*** Noun
[apoc=1]
1. [it]
*** Noun
[apoc=1]
1. [it]
**** Further reading
- [lid=1064695]
*** References
[reflist]
** Jamaican Creole
*** Etymology
[jam].
*** Verb
[jam-verb]
1. To associate , to chill , to hang .
2. * [jam]
3. * [jam]
4. * [jam]
** Kaqchikel
*** Etymology
From [cak].
*** Noun
[cak]
1. skunk
*** References
- [page=237]
- [page=180]
[cak]
** Latin
*** Etymology
[la]. A traditional reconstruction is [la], comparing [grc] etc. and [lt];
but this accounts badly for the [/a(ː)/]. De Vaan suggests [ine-pro], linking
[la].[1] All possibilities nonetheless suffer semantic problems. Others
refrain from assigning an Indo-European root.
If [xum] is related, one can reconstruct an adjectival stem in [la].
*** Pronunciation
- [pār]
*** Adjective
[pār/par]
1. even (of a number)
2. equal
3. * [la]
4. like
5. suitable
**** Declension
[pār/par]
*** Noun
[pār/par <3>]
1. companion , comrade , mate , spouse
**** Declension
[pār/par < 3.I>]
*** Noun
[pār/par <3>]
1. pair , couple
**** Declension
[pār/par < 3.N.I.pure>]
**** Derived terms
{{col|la |aequipār |compār |dispār |impār |parō |sēpār |cēterīs pāribus
|parium<ll:Late Latin> }}
**** Descendants
[top2]
- [xno]
- [enm]
- [en]
- [ca]
- [dum]
- [nl]
- [en]
- [fro]
- [fr]
- [en]
- [ga]
- [cy]
- [gl]
- [it]
- [gmh]
- [de]
- [pl]
- [ru]
- [gml]
- [non]
- [nb]
- [gmq-osw]
- [sv]
- [fi]
- [pt]
- [ro]
- [scn]
- [es]
- [vec]
[bottom]
**** See also
- [la]
- [la]
*** References
- [R:L&S]
- [R:Elementary Lewis]
References:
[1]. [page=444]
** Latvian
*** Etymology
[lv]
*** Preposition
[acc]
1. about , on
2. than
3. for (price)
4. as
** Maltese
*** Etymology
[mt].
*** Pronunciation
- [mt]
*** Noun
[g=m]
1. couple , pair
**** Derived terms
[mt]
** Middle French
*** Etymology
From [frm].
*** Conjunction
[frm]
1. by [introduces an agent]
2. * [frm]
**** Descendants
- [fr]
** Northern Kurdish
*** Etymology
From [kmr] + [kmr], cognate with [ae], [en], all from [kmr].
*** Pronunciation
- [kmr-IPA]
*** Noun
[f]
1. share , part
*** Noun
[f]
1. last year
*** Adverb
[kmr]
1. last year
** Norwegian Bokmål
*** Noun
[nb]
1. a pair
2. a couple
3. a few (determiner)
**** Derived terms
- [nb]
- [nb]
- [nb]
- [nb]
[lang=no]
*** Noun
[nb]
1. [nb] [en]
** Norwegian Nynorsk
*** Pronunciation
- [nn]
*** Etymology 1
From [nn], from [nn], from [nn], neuter plural of [la]. Akin to [en].
**** Noun
[nn]
1. a pair
2. a couple
3. a few (determiner)
***** Derived terms
- [nn]
- [nn]
- [nn]
- [nn]
*** Etymology 2
From [nn].
**** Noun
[nn]
1. [nn] par
*** References
- [lang=nn]
** Old French
*** Etymology
From [fro].
*** Conjunction
[fro]
1. by ; via [introduces a medium]
2. * {{ quote-text | fro | year=c. 1170 | author=w:Chrétien de Troyes | title= Basa Sunda: fr:Érec_et_Énide
|passage=Tost m'oceïst PAR son orguel. |translation=Soon, he killed with his
pride.}}
1. because of ; due to [introduces a medium]
2. * {{ quote-text | fro | year=c. 1170 | author=w:Chrétien de Troyes | title= Basa Sunda: fr:Érec_et_Énide
|passage=Premiers sont au mostier venu,<br>La furent PAR devocion
|translation=The first ones came to the minster,<br>they were there to
pray<!--devocion = prayer, i.e. devotion to God-->}}
1. by < !--no gloss available; by#English does not have this sense-->
2. * {{ quote-text | fro | year=c. 1170 | author=w:Chrétien de Troyes | title= Basa Sunda: fr:Érec_et_Énide
|passage=L'une a l'autre PAR la main prise, |translation=They took each other
by the hand}}
1. by ; through ; across
2. * {{ quote-text | fro | year=c. 1170 | author=w:Chrétien de Troyes | title= Basa Sunda: fr:Érec_et_Énide
|passage=Li cheval PAR le chanp s'an fuient. |translation=The horses fled
through the field}}
1. by [introduces an exclamation]
2. * {{ quote-text | fro | year=c. 1170 | author=w:Chrétien de Troyes | title= Basa Sunda: fr:Érec_et_Énide
|passage="Sire, PAR Deu et PAR sa croiz! |translation="Sire! By God and by his
cross!"}}
1. in (at a location)
**** Descendants
- [frm]
- [roa-lor]
- [pcd]
** Phalura
*** Etymology
[phl]
*** Pronunciation
- [phl]
*** Adverb
[phl]
1. suddenly
**** Alternative forms
- [phl]
*** References
- [R:phl:Liljegren:Vocab]
** Polish
*** Pronunciation
[koc=#]
*** Etymology 1
[pl]
**** Noun
[m-in]
1. [pl] grass sprout ing on a plough ed field
*** Etymology 2
[nonlemma]
**** Noun
[pl]
1. [pl]
2. [pl]
*** Further reading
- [746]
[pl]
** Portuguese
*** Etymology
From [pt], from [pt], from [pt].
*** Pronunciation
[parh]
- [pt]
- [pt]
- [pt]
- [pt]
*** Noun
[m]
1. pair
2. partner
3. couple
4. peer
5. [pt] [en]
**** Derived terms
- [pt]
*** Adjective
[hascomp=no]
1. [pt] even
**** Related terms
- [pt]
- [pt]
- [pt]
** Romagnol
*** Etymology
[rgn]. Compare [it].
*** Preposition
[rgn-prep]
1. for
2. to
*** References
- [p=418]
** Romanian
*** Etymology 1
[ro], from [ro], from [ro], from [ine-pro].
**** Noun
[m]
1. stake
2. club , bat
***** Declension
[ro-noun-m]
***** Derived terms
- [diminutives] [ro] , [ro] , [ro] , [ro] , [ro] , [ro]
***** Related terms
- [ro]
***** See also
- [ro]
*** Etymology 2
[ro].
**** Adjective
[4]
1. [ro] even ; divisible by two
***** Declension
[ro-decl-adj]
*** Etymology 3
Form of [ro].
**** Verb
[ro]
1. [ro]
** Sassarese
*** Pronunciation
- [sdc]
*** Preposition
[sdc]
1. [sdc] , [sometimes used before vowel sounds]
2. * {{ quote-book
|sdc |year=1989 |author=Giovanni Maria Cherchi |title=La poesia di l'althri
|trans-title=The poetry of others |location=Sassari |publisher=Arnoldo
Mondadori Editore |worklang=it,sdc |page=15 |chapter=Dipididda
|trans-chapter=Parting |text=[...] O me’ ziddài, digussì bedda</br>e àipra, eu
t’aggiu di dagà PAR eddu |t=O town of mine, so beautiful and harsh, I'll have
to leave you FOR it [destiny] }}
*** References
- [R:sc:Rubattu2006]
** Serbo-Croatian
*** Etymology
[sh], from [sh].
*** Pronunciation
- [sh]
*** Noun
[pȃr]
1. pair , couple
2. [sh] few , handful , several
**** Declension
{{sh-decl-noun |pȃr|pȁrovi |para|parova |paru|parovima |par|parove
|pare|parovi |paru|parovima |parom|parovima }}
**** Derived terms
- [sh]
** Slovene
*** Pronunciation
- [pár]
*** Noun
[pár]
1. pair
2. some , a couple (of)
3. couple (two partners)
4. [sl] [en]
5. [sl] [sl] pair
**** Declension
[pár]
**** Synonyms
- [some] [sl]
*** See also
[table:poker hands/sl]
*** Further reading
- [R:sl:Fran]
** Spanish
*** Etymology
[es], from [es].
*** Pronunciation
[+< audio:LL-Q1321 (spa)-AdrianAbdulBaha-par.wav < a:Colombia>>]
*** Adjective
[es-adj]
1. even [divisible by two]
**** Derived terms
[es]
*** Noun
[m]
1. pair [two of the same or similar items that go together]
2. couple [two of the same or similar items]
3. [es] two equal non-collinear forces; that is a 吴语: Couple (mechanics) in 吴语: Classical mechanics
4. peer [somebody who is, or something that is, at a level equal]
5. some , a few
*** Noun
[f]
1. [es] [en] [acceptable level]
**** Derived terms
[es]
**** Related terms
[es]
*** Further reading
- [R:es:DRAE]
** Swedish
*** Pronunciation
- [sv]
*** Noun
[n]
1. a pair , a couple (either two or a few of something)
2. a couple , two people who are dating
**** Declension
[sv-infl-noun-n-zero]
**** Related terms
{{col3|sv|para |parhus |parhäst |parmiddag |parrelation }}
*** Anagrams
- [sv]
[sv]
** Tagalog
*** Pronunciation
[tl-pr]
*** Noun
[b=+]
1. [tl] [tl]
** Tok Pisin
*** Noun
[tpi]
1. stingray
** Venetan
*** Alternative forms
- [vec]
- [vec]
*** Etymology
From [vec]. Compare [it].
*** Noun
[par]
1. pair
** West Frisian
*** Etymology
[fy]
*** Noun
[c]
1. [fy] pear
**** Further reading
- [74634]