From en.wiktionary.org:
[Appendix:Variations of "not"] [minitoc]
** Translingual
*** Etymology
[mul] [mul].
*** Symbol
[mul-symbol]
1. [3]
*** See also
- [not]
** English
[wikipedia]
*** Etymology
From [en], [enm], variant of [enm], [enm], from [en], [ang], short for [ang],
[ang], corresponding to [ang] + [ang], [ang], corresponding to [ang] + [ang].
Cognate with [sco], [sco], [stq], [fy], [nl], [de]. Compare [en], [en] and
[en]. More at [en], [en], [en].
*** Pronunciation
- [en]
- [en]
- [en]
- [en]
- [en]
- [en]
- [en]
- [en]
- [en]
- [en]
- [en]
- [en]
- [en]
*** Adverb
[-]
1. [Negates the meaning of the modified verb.]
2. * 1973 November 17, [Richard Milhous Nixon] , Orlando press conference :
3. *: People have got to know whether or NOT their president is a crook . Well, I'm NOT a crook . I've earned everything I've got.
4. * [page=42]
5. * 1998 January 26, [William Jefferson Clinton] , White House press conference :
6. *: I want to say one thing to the American people. I want you to listen to me. I'm going to say this again: I did NOT have sexual relations with that woman, Miss Lewinsky .
7. * 2016 , VOA Learning English (see https://web.archive.org/web/20171014193917/https://learningenglish.voanews.com/a/lets-learn-english-lesson-6-where-is-the-gym/3225958.html) (public domain)
8. *: Oh, Pete. This is NOT the gym. — That’s right, Anna. This is the mailroom .
9. To no degree.
10. * [en]
11. [en] [Used to indicate the opposite or near opposite, often in a form of understatement.]
12. [Used before a determiner phrase , a pronominal phrase etc. < !--an NP [ or DP ] , a PP, an AdjP, an AdvP or a subclause.--> to convey a negative attitude (e.g. denial , sadness , anger ) towards something.]
13. [en] [Used before a [non-finite clause] (especially a gerund - participial clause) or less commonly a determiner phrase to ironically convey some attitude (e.g. surprise , incredulity , amusement [,] embarrassment ) towards something.] [attested since the late 2000s, popularized around 2020] [1] [2]
14. * [en]
15. * [en]
**** Usage notes
In modern usage, 吴语: Do-support requires that the form _do not ..._ (or _don’t
...._) be preferred to _... not_ for all but a short list of verbs (be, have,
can, could, shall, should, will, would, may, might, must, need, ought): <!--
Did I miss any? --dmh -->
- _They do NOT sow._ (modern) vs. _They sow NOT ._ (KJB)
American usage tends to prefer _don’t have_ or _haven’t got_ to _have not_ or
_haven’t_, except when _have_ is used as an auxiliary (or in the idiom
_have-not_):<!-- Non-US please check -->
- _I don’t have a clue_ or _I haven’t got a clue._ (US)
- _I haven’t a clue_ or _I haven’t got a clue._ (outside US)
- _I haven’t been to Spain._ (universal)
The verb _need_ is only directly negated when used as an auxiliary; this usage
is rare in the US but common elsewhere.
- _You don’t need to trouble yourself._ (common in US)
- _You needn’t trouble yourself._ (common outside US)
- _I don’t need any eggs today._ (universal)
The verb _dare_ can sometimes be directly negated.
- _I daren't do that._
The verb _do_, as a main verb, takes _do not_.
- _He does not do that._
In the imperative, all verbs, including _be_, take _do not_.
- _Don't do that._
- _Don't be silly._ (not * _Be not silly._ )
In the infinitive, verbs must be negated directly. In this case _not_ cannot
appear after the verb; some authorities recommend placing it before _to_ to
avoid a 吴语: split infinitive, but for most speakers the forms _not to do_ and
_to not do_ are more or less interchangeable, with the latter being mostly
informal.
- _The objective is not to lose_ or _The objective is to not lose._
- _I wanted not to go_ or _I wanted to not go._ (Note the difference between this and _I didn't want to go_ , where _want_ is the verb being negated.)
In the subjunctive mood, _do_-support is not used for negation; _not_ is
placed by itself, or with [en], immediately before the verb it modifies, even
_be_:
- _They suggested that he (should) NOT do it._
- _The law requires that it (should) NOT be done._
**** Derived terms
[en]
**** Related terms
{{col|en|title=negates meaning of verb |ain't |aren't |can't |cannot |daren't
|doesn't |don't |didn't |forget-me-not |hadn't |hasn't |have-not |haven't
|isn't |mightn't |needn't |neither |no |nor |not bad |not guilty |not quite
|not think |notwithstanding |shan't |shouldn't |wasn't |won't |wouldn't }}
**** Translations
[negates meaning of another word]{{multitrans|data=
- Acehnese: [ace]
- Afrikaans: [af] , [af]
- Albanian: [sq] , [sq]
- Amharic: [am]
- Apache:
- Arabic: [ar] , [past tense, continuous present] [ar] , [only past tense, imperfective] [ar] , [future tense] [ar] , [verb "to not be"] [ar]
- Aramaic:
- Armenian: [hy] + [verb]
- Aromanian: [rup]
- Assamese: [as] , [as] , [as]
- Asturian: [ast]
- Azerbaijani: [az]
- Bashkir: [ba]
- Basque: [eu]
- Bavarian: [bar] , [bar] , [bar] , [bar] , [bar]
- Belarusian: [be] , [be] (not standard in writing, despite common unstressed pronunciation)
- Bengali: [bn]
- Bhojpuri: [bho]
- Bikol Central: [bcl]
- Brunei Malay: [kxd]
- Bulgarian: [bg]
- Burmese: [my]
- Carpathian Rusyn: [rue]
- Catalan: [ca] , [ca]
- Cebuano: [ceb]
- Central Atlas Tamazight: [tzm] _+ verb_ , [tzm] _+ noun, pronoun_
- Central Huishui Hmong: [hmc]
- Chamicuro: [ccc]
- Chechen: [ce]
- Cherokee: [chr]
- Chichewa: [ny]
- Chinese:
- Corsican: [co]
- Czech: [cs]
- Danish: [da] , [da]
- Dutch: [nl]
- East Central German: [gmw-ecg] , [gmw-ecg] , [gmw-ecg] , [gmw-ecg] , [gmw-ecg] , [gmw-ecg]
- Egyptian: [egy]
- Enga: [enq]
- Esperanto: [eo]
- Estonian: [et]
- Faroese: [fo] , [fo]
- Finnish: [fi]
- French: [fr] , [fr] , [fr] [see entries for usage]
- Gagauz: [gag] , [gag] , [gag]
- Galician: [gl]
- Georgian: [ka]
- German: [de]
- Greek: [el] , [el] , [el] , [el]
- Guaraní: [gn]
- Guerrero Amuzgo: [amu]
- Gujarati: [gu]
- Haitian Creole: [ht]
- Hausa: [ha]
- Hawaiian: [haw]
- Hebrew: [he] , [he] [nouns, adjectives and present tense]
- Hindi: [hi] , [don't] [hi] , [don't, more abrupt] [hi]
- Hittite: [hit]
- Hungarian: [hu]
- Icelandic: [is] , [is] [dated] , [is] [dated]
- Ido: [io]
- Igbo: [ig]
- Indonesian: [id] , [id]
- Ingush: [inh]
- Interlingua: [ia]
- Irish: [ga] , [ga] [before past tenses] , [ga] , [ga] , [ga] [before past tenses] , [ga] [in conjunction with a verbal noun]
- Italian: [it] , [colloquial] [it]
- Japanese: [ja] [be not] , [ja] , [polite final form] [ja]
- Jarawa: [anq] , [anq]
- Javanese: [jv]
- Kamkata-viri: [bsh]
- Kannada: [kn]
- Kapampangan: [pam] , [pam]
- Kashubian: [csb]
- Kazakh: [kk]
- Khalaj: [klj] , [klj]
- Khmer: [km]
- Khün: [kkh]
- Kilivila: [kij]
- Korean: [ko] , [be not] [ko] , [ko] [auxiliary verb, follows verb stem + [ko]]
- Kurdish:
- Kyrgyz: [ky]
- Ladino: [lad]
- Lao: [lo]
- Latin: [la] , [la] , [la] , [la] , [la] , [la] , [la] , [la] , [la]
- Latvian: [lv]
- Linngithigh: [lnj]
- Lithuanian: [lt]
- Lü: [khb] , [khb]
- Luxembourgish: [lb]
- Macedonian: [mk]
- Malay: [ms] , [ms] , [ms] [Sarawak]
- Malayalam: [ml]
- Maltese: [mt] , [mt]
- Mansaka: [msk]
- Maori: [mi] , [mi]
- Maranao: [mrw]
- Marathi: [mr]
- Middle Dutch: [dum]
- Middle English: [enm] , [enm] , [enm]
- Miskito: [miq]
- Mon: [mnw]
- Mongolian: [mn] , [mn]
- Mudburra: [dmw]
- Navajo: [nv]
- Naxi: [nxq]
- Nepali: [ne]
- Ngazidja Comorian: [zdj]
- North Frisian: [frr] [Mooring] , [frr] [Föhr-Amrum] , [frr] [Sylt] , [frr] [Heligoland]
- Northern Thai: [nod]
- Norwegian:
- O'odham: [ood]
- Occitan: [oc] , [oc]
- Ojibwe: [oj]
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Old Dutch: [odt] , [odt] , [odt]
- Old East Slavic: [orv]
- Old English: [ang] _(used before the finite verb)_
- Old Frisian: [ofs] , [ofs]
- Old Norse: [non]
- Old Saxon: [osx] , [osx]
- Ossetian: [os]
- Persian: [fa]
- Polish: [pl]
- Portuguese: [pt]
- Punjabi: [pa]
- Quechua: [qu]
- Rapa Nui: [rap] , [rap] [used in a question when expecting an affirmative answer]
- Romani: [rom] , [rom] , [rom]
- Romanian: [ro]
- Russian: [ru]
- Salar: [slr]
- Samoan: [sm]
- Sanskrit: [sa]
- Scottish Gaelic: [gd] , [gd] , [gd]
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Shan: [shn]
- Sicilian: [scn] , [scn] , [scn] , [scn] , [scn]
- Slovak: [sk]
- Slovene: [sl]
- Somali: [so]
- Sorbian:
- Southern Thai: [sou]
- Spanish: [es]
- Sundanese: [su] , [su] , [su]
- Swabian: [swg] , [swg] , [swg]
- Swahili: _use negative conjugated forms of the verb_
- Swedish: [sv] , [sv] , [sv]
- Tagalog: [tl]
- Tai Dam: [blt]
- Tajik: [tg]
- Tamil: [ta]
- Tatar: [tt]
- Tausug: [tsg]
- Telugu: [te]
- Tetum: [tet]
- Thai: [th] , [th]
- Tibetan: [bo] , [bo] , [bo] , [bo]
- Turkish: [tr] , [tr] , [tr]
- Turkmen: [tk]
- Tz'utujil: [tzj]
- Tày: [tyz] , [tyz] , [tyz] , [tyz] , [tyz]
- Ukrainian: [uk]
- Urdu: [ur] , [don't] [ur] , [don't, more abrupt] [ur]
- Uyghur: [ug]
- Uzbek: [uz]
- Vietnamese: [vi] , [for emphasis] [vi] , [vi]
- Waigali: [wbk]
- Welsh: [cy]
- West Frisian: [fy]
- White Hmong: [mww]
- Yaghnobi: [yai]
- Yiddish: [yi] , [yi]
- Yucatec Maya: [yua]
- Zealandic: [zea]
- Zhuang: [za]
- ǃXóõ: [not be] [nmn]
}} [trans-bottom]
*** Conjunction
[en-con]
1. And not .
**** Usage notes
- The construction “A, not B” is synonymous with the constructions “A, and not B”; “not B, but A”; and “not B, but rather A”.
**** Translations
[And not]{{multitrans|data=
- Arabic: [ar]
- Assamese: [as]
- Chinese:
- Czech: [cs] , [cs]
- Dutch: [nl] , [nl]
- Estonian: [et]
- Finnish: [fi] (and conjugated forms)
- French: [fr] , [fr]
- Galician: [gl]
- Georgian: [ka]
- German: [de]
- Greek: [el]
- Hebrew: [he]
- Hungarian: [hu] < !-- was " nem pedig " - assumed sum-of-parts; if an idiom, remove the wikilinks to the individual words. see User:Kephir/gadgets/xte#Translation_fixing -->
- Icelandic: [is] , [is] [dated] , [is] [dated]
- Indonesian: [id]
- Italian: [it]
- Japanese: [ja]
- Kapampangan: [pam] , [pam]
- Kurdish:
- Malay: [ms]
- Middle English: [enm]
- Norwegian:
- Old English: [ang]
- Persian: [fa]
- Polish: [pl] , [pl]
- Portuguese: [pt]
- Romanian: [ro]
- Russian: [ru] , [ru]
- Slovak: [sk]
- Spanish: [es]
- Sundanese: [su]
- Swedish: [sv] , [sv] , [sv]
- Tatar: [tt]
- Turkish: [tr]
}} [trans-bottom]
*** Interjection
[en]
1. [en] [en] [Used to indicate that the previous phrase was meant sarcastically or ironically .] [chiefly 1990s]
2. * [chapter=Out on the Field]
3. * [1=en]
4. * [en]
5. * [1=en]
**** Translations
[trans-top]{{multitrans|data=
- Chinese:
- Danish: [da]
- Faroese: [fo]
- Finnish: [fi] [vulgar]
- French: [fr]
- Galician: [gl]
- Icelandic: [is]
- Japanese: [ja]
- Kapampangan: [pam]
- Malay: [ms] , [ms]
- Norwegian:
- Old Norse: [non]
- Portuguese: [pt]
- Swedish: [sv] , [sv] , [sv]
}} [trans-bottom]
**** See also
- Appendix:American Dialect Society words of the year
*** Noun
[en-noun]
1. An instance of using the word “not”; a negation or denial .
2. * [en]
3. [en] .
**** Usage notes
Boolean operators and states are commonly written in all uppercase in order to
distinguish them from the ordinary uses of the words.
**** Translations
[unary negation function]{{multitrans|data=
- Finnish: [fi]
- Kapampangan: [pam] , [pam]
- Malay: [ms]
- Swedish: [sv]
}} [trans-bottom]
*** See also
{{col|en|sort=0<!-- logical order --> |if |then |else |and |or |true |false }}
*** References
References:
[1]. [date=2021-04-11]
[2]. [en]
*** Further reading
- [R:OneLook]
*** Anagrams
- [en]
[en]
** Albanian
*** Pronunciation
- [sq]
- [sq]
*** Etymology 1
From a [deverbal] of [sq], compare [it]. A direct verbal borrowing would have
regularly yielded [sq] instead of attested [sq], which must be a secondary
derivation from the noun. Earliest attestations start with [/mn/], likely due
rebracketing of expressions such as [sq], compare [ro].
**** Alternative forms
- [sq]
- [sq]
**** Noun
[m]
1. [sq] swim , swimming [act of swimming or ability to swim]
2. [sq] swimmer
***** Derived terms
[sq]
**** References
- [sq] ; [sq]
- [sq]
- [sq] ; [sq] ; [sq] — they assume [sq] to be primary
- [sq] ; [sq] ; [sq] ; [sq]
- [sq] — only one to give the sense [swimmer] , perhaps a mistake; [sq]
- [sq]
*** Etymology 2
[sq].
**** Noun
[m] [sq]
1. southwest wind , libeccio
***** Related terms
[sq]
**** References
- [sq]
[sq]
** Ambonese Malay
*** Etymology
Probably borrowed from [abs].
*** Verb
[abs]
1. to [en]
*** Noun
[abs]
1. [en]
*** References
- [R:abs:Takaria; Pieter:1998]
** Aromanian
*** Etymology 1
From [rup].
**** Alternative forms
- [rup]
**** Noun
[rup]
1. dry wind from the south
***** Synonyms
- [rup]
**** See also
- [rup]
- [rup] / [rup]
- [rup]
- [rup]
*** Etymology 2
**** Verb
[rup-verb]
1. [rup] to swim
*** Etymology 3
From [rup]. Compare [it], [pt].
**** Noun
[rup]
1. swim , swimming
***** Synonyms
- [rup]
** Danish
[lang=da]
*** Etymology 1
From [da].
**** Noun
[en]
1. [da] [da] A groove .
***** Inflection
[en]
*** Etymology 2
[lang=da] From [da].
**** Noun
[en]
1. [da] seine net
***** Inflection
[en]
***** Derived terms
- [da]
*** Etymology 3
[nonlemma]
**** Verb
[da]
1. [da]
** German
*** Pronunciation
- [de]
- [de]
- [de]
*** Adverb
[de-adv]
1. [de]
** Icelandic
*** Etymology
From [is].
*** Pronunciation
- [is]
- [is]
*** Noun
[@@]
1. use
**** Declension
[n.pl]
**** Derived terms
- [is]
**** Related terms
- [is]
*** Further reading
- [R:is:Islex]
** Indonesian
[lang=id]
*** Etymology
From [id], from [id], from [id], from [id]. [id].
*** Pronunciation
- [id]
- [id]
*** Noun
[id]
1. [id] note , a character, variously formed, to indicate the length of a tone, and variously placed upon the staff to indicate its pitch
**** Compounds
{{col|id |not angka |not balok |not bantu |not bendera |not garis |not
seperdelapan |not seperempat |not spasi }}
*** Further reading
- [R:KBBI Daring]
** Latin
*** Pronunciation
- [nōt]
*** Verb
[la]
1. [la]
** Luxembourgish
*** Adjective
[lb]
1. [lb]
** Middle English
*** Etymology 1
Reduction of [enm] (from [enm], [ang]).
**** Alternative forms
- [enm]
**** Pronunciation
- [enm]
**** Adverb
[enm-adv]
1. not ( [negates the accompanying verb] )
2. not ( [to no degree, extent, or way] )
3. * [1 John]
***** Descendants
- [en]
- [en-geo]
- [sco] [obsolete]
- [yol]
***** References
- [entry=not]
**** Noun
[-]
1. nothing , [en]
2. [enm] nobody , no person
***** Descendants
- [en]
- [sco] [obsolete]
***** References
- [entry=not]
*** Etymology 2
From [enm], first and third person singular of [ang], equivalent to [enm] and
[enm].
**** Alternative forms
- [enm]
**** Pronunciation
- [enm]
**** Contraction
[enm]
1. [enm] ; [en] to [en] .
2. * [The Knight's Tale]
***** Related terms
- [enm]
- [enm]
***** Descendants
- [yol]
***** References
- [entry=witen]
[enm]
** Norwegian Nynorsk
*** Alternative forms
- [nn]
*** Pronunciation
- [nn] [nn-pronu-note]
*** Etymology 1
[lang=nn] From [nn], from [nn].
**** Noun
[nøt]
1. [nn] a net , seine
***** Derived terms
{{col3|nn |dragnot |flytenot |fløytnot |kastenot |kilenot |laksenot |landnot
|notbas |notbruk |notfiske |nothund |notlag |notnål |notsteng |notvarp
|posenot |ringnot |sildenot |slepenot |snurpenot }}
*** Etymology 2
From [nn].
**** Noun
[nn-noun-f1]
1. [nn] a groove (as used in a 吴语: Tongue and groove )
***** Derived terms
- [nn]
*** Etymology 3
From [nn].
**** Noun
[net]
1. [nøtt]
*** References
- [R:ND]
*** Anagrams
- [nn]
** Old Dutch
*** Etymology
From [odt], from [odt].
*** Noun
[f]
1. need , necessity
2. compulsion
**** Inflection
[g=f]
**** Derived terms
- [odt]
**** Descendants
- [dum]
- [nl]
*** References
- [3061]
** Old English
*** Alternative forms
- [ang]
*** Etymology
From [ang].
*** Pronunciation
- [not]
*** Noun
[m]
1. a sign ; mark ; a mark made on an object
**** Declension
[not]
**** Descendants
- [enm]
- [sco]
- [en]
** Old High German
*** Alternative forms
- [goh]
*** Etymology
[goh]
*** Noun
[head=nōt]
1. control (by violence), compulsion , coercion , extortion
2. distress , danger , crisis , both physical and psychological
3. need , (urgent) necessity
4. inevitability
5. force , violence , bluster
**** Derived terms
[goh]
*** References
- [nôt]
** Old Saxon
*** Etymology
From [osx], from [osx]. Cognate with [ang], [ofs], [nl], [goh] (dialectal
[de]), [non].
*** Noun
[g=n]
1. cow , ox , cattle
**** Declension
[nōt]
**** Descendants
- [gml]
- [nds]
- [nds-nl]
- [nds-de]
** Old Swedish
*** Etymology
From [gmq-osw], from [gmq-osw].
*** Pronunciation
- [gmq-osw]
*** Noun
[gmq-osw]
1. net , seine
**** Declension
[nōt]
**** Descendants
- [sv]
** Romansch
*** Alternative forms
- [rm]
*** Etymology
[rm]
*** Noun
[f]
1. [rm] night
[rm]
** Scottish Gaelic
*** Etymology
Borrowed from [gd]. The "money" sense comes from the now-rare [The Royal Bank
of Scotland £1 note].
*** Pronunciation
- [gd]
- [gd]
*** Noun
[g=m]
1. [gd] note
2. [gd] pound ( sterling )
*** References
[size=smaller]
** Swedish
*** Etymology 1
From [sv] (noun), [fro] (verb), both from [sv].
**** Pronunciation
- [sv]
**** Noun
[c]
1. [sv] note .
2. a short message; note .
3. [sv] a formal message from a country to another country’s embassy.
***** Declension
[sv-infl-noun-c-er]
***** Derived terms
- [sv]
***** Related terms
- [sv]
*** Etymology 2
Related to [sv].
**** Noun
[c]
1. seine
***** Declension
[sv-infl-noun-c-ar]
*** Anagrams
- [sv]
** Tok Pisin
*** Etymology
From [tpi].
*** Noun
[tpi]
1. North
[tpi]
** Turkish
*** Etymology
From [tr].
*** Pronunciation
- [tr]
- [tr]
*** Noun
[u]
1. a short message; note
2. grade , score
**** Declension
[o]
** Welsh
*** Pronunciation
- [cy]
*** Etymology 1
Borrowed from [cy].
**** Noun
[m]
1. [cy] knot
*** Etymology 2
**** Noun
[cy]
1. [cy]
**** Mutation
[dot]