From en.wiktionary.org:
[Mafia]
** English
[wikipedia]
*** Etymology
See _Mafia_. The sense "entity which attempts to control a specified arena"
makes an analogy to crime-syndicate mafias' attempts to control certain kinds
of business in the regions in which they exist.
*** Pronunciation
- [en]
- [en]
- [en]
*** Noun
[en-noun]
1. A hierarchically structured secret organisation engaged in illegal activities like distribution of narcotics, gambling and extortion.
2. A crime syndicate .
3. A trusted group of associate s, as of a political leader .
4. [en] An entity which attempts to control a specified arena by violence or threats.
5. * {{ quote-text | en | year=1994 | author=Francis Wheen | title=Lord Gnome's Literary Companion | page=161
|passage=Worse, it confirms what one always suspected about the 1930s literary
MAFIA, with their graceless posing and relentless self-obsession — what
terrible , terrible bores they were.}}
1. * {{ quote-text | en | year=2000 | author=Senator Robert Torricelli; Andrew Carroll | title=In Our Own Words: Extraordinary Speeches of the American Century | page=432
|passage=Since the victory of gadgetry is "inevitable," you might as well come
along quietly and let us smother you in speed and convenience, says the
digital MAFIA.}}
1. * {{ quote-text | en | year=2019 | author=Anne Holt | title=In Dust and Ashes | page=83
|passage=I can scarcely leave the apartment without being engulfed by
journalists, not to mention the fucking left-wing activists and the
multicultural MAFIA that assailed me with spitting and verbal abuse the last
time I ventured out [...]}}
**** Derived terms
{{col|en|mafialike|mafiocracy|Murphia|Taffia|rainbow mafia |nonmafia |alphabet
mafia|mafia hypothesis|mafia state}}
**** Translations
[a crime syndicate]
- Albanian: [sq]
- Arabic: [ar]
- Armenian: [hy]
- Azerbaijani: [az]
- Belarusian: [be]
- Bulgarian: [bg]
- Catalan: [ca]
- Chinese:
- Czech: [cs]
- Danish: [da]
- Dutch: [nl]
- Esperanto: [eo]
- Estonian: [et]
- Finnish: [fi]
- French: [fr]
- Galician: [gl]
- Georgian: [ka]
- German: [de]
- Greek: [el]
- Hebrew: [he]
- Hindi: [hi]
- Hungarian: [hu]
- Italian: [it]
- Japanese: [ja] , [ja] , [Japanese mafia] [ja] , [ja]
- Kazakh: [kk]
- Korean: [ko]
- Kyrgyz: [ky]
- Latvian: [lv]
- Lithuanian: [lt]
- Macedonian: [mk]
- Marathi: [mr]
- Mongolian: [mn]
- Norwegian:
- Persian: [fa]
- Polish: [pl]
- Portuguese: [pt]
- Romanian: [ro]
- Russian: [ru]
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Slovak: [sk]
- Slovene: [sl]
- Spanish: [es]
- Swedish: [sv]
- Tagalog: [tl]
- Tajik: [tg]
- Thai: [th]
- Turkish: [tr]
- Turkmen: [tk]
- Ukrainian: [uk]
- Urdu: [ur]
- Uzbek: [uz]
- Vietnamese: [vi]
[trans-bottom]
[en]
** Danish
[lang=da]
*** Etymology
Borrowed from [da].
*** Noun
[en]
1. A [en] .
**** Declension
[en]
**** Derived terms
- [da]
** Finnish
*** Etymology
From [fi].
*** Pronunciation
[fi-p]
*** Noun
[fi-noun]
1. mafia
**** Declension
[mafi]
*** Further reading
- [accessdate=2023-07-03]
** French
*** Pronunciation
- [fr-IPA]
- [fr]
*** Noun
[f]
1. the Mafia
*** Further reading
- [R:fr:TLFi]
** Galician
*** Etymology
Borrowed from [gl].
*** Noun
[f]
1. Mafia (Italian Mafia)
2. Mafia (any criminal organisation)
**** Derived terms
- [gl]
** Italian
[lang=it]
*** Alternative forms
- [it] [obsolete]
*** Etymology
[it].[1] Maybe from [it][2] (compare [he] _to crush_, though [pms][3][4] is
considered another possible source. Compare [scn] for more.
*** Pronunciation
[màfia]
*** Noun
[f]
1. the Mafia (International organized crime organization)
2. [en] (Individual branch)
3. arrogance
**** Derived terms
- [it]
- [it]
- [it]
**** Descendants
- [de]
- [tr]
- [mt]
- [ro]
- [ru]
- [es]
*** References
References:
[1]. [R:it:Trec]
[2]. Shanty, Mishra, Organized Crime: From Trafficking to Terrorism, Volume 1
[3]. Glossario etimologico piemontese, Torino 1888
[4]. https://www.linkiesta.it/2014/10/da-dove-viene-la-parola-mafia-la-crusca-risponde/
** Norwegian Bokmål
*** Alternative forms
- [1987] [nb]
*** Noun
[nb-noun-m1]
1. [en] , Mafia
[nb]
** Norwegian Nynorsk
*** Alternative forms
- [1987] [nn]
*** Noun
[nn-noun-m2]
1. [en] , Mafia
[nn]
** Polish
[lang=pl]
*** Etymology
[pl], from [pl].
*** Pronunciation
[a=Pl-mafia.ogg]
*** Noun
[f]
1. [en] [crime syndicate]
2. [en] [trusted group of associates, as of a political leader]
**** Declension
[pl-decl-noun-f]
**** Related terms
[pl] [pl]
*** Further reading
- [8851]
- [R:pl:PWN]
[pl]
** Sicilian
*** Alternative forms
- [scn]
*** Etymology
[scn]. The first official source, in which this term appears, dates back to
1863 – just two years after the proclamation of the English: w:Kingdom of
Italy – in the title of the theatrical work « _I mafiusi de la Vicaria_ », set
in the Vicaria prison of Palermo and written by Giuseppe Rizzotto and Gaetano
Mosca. In 1865, in a report by the prefect of Palermo, Filippo Antonio
Gualterio, this term was used for the first time, in its Italian geminated
variant _maffia_, with the meaning of a criminal and subversive organization
that brought together delinquents, pro-Mazzinians (i.e. republicans) and
pro-Bourbons (i.e. anti-Savoyards) with the aim of overthrowing the newborn
Kingdom of Italy. Outside of these official sources, the etymology in
question is often associated with an uncertain Arabism or with various terms
of various origins, including several dialectal origins from the rest of
Italy, such as from Piedmont or from Tuscany. In any case, many of the
hypotheses proposed are merely speculative and fail to resolve the main
phono-morphological disagreements. In particular, it must be emphasized that
this word may have been possibly used as an exonym referring to dissidents
following the annexation of the island of Sicily, then acquiring the
widespread meaning.
*** Pronunciation
- [scn] [synaeretic]
- [scn] [diaeretic]
- [scn]
*** Noun
[maf]
1. the Mafia (International organized crime organization)
2. a [scn] (an individual branch)
3. arrogance
**** Usage notes
- Among the speakers it was not common to refer to _mafia_ in public or political speaking
- The use of the word often derived from an exchange with non-island people, so its main meaning is often borrowed
**** Derived terms
{{col2 |scn |mafiusu|mafiusa|mafiusità|urganizzazziuni mafiusa|fìmmina
mafiusa|carusa mafiusa }}
**** Related terms
{{col4 |scn|
|spacchiusu|guappu|vappu|cumannanti|cumarca|cosca|famigghia|pizzu|pizzinu }}
**** Descendants
- [it]
**** See also
{{col4 |scn |Camorra|Cosa Nostra|Stiḍḍa|Ntrànghita|Ntràgnita|Yakuza }}
** Spanish
*** Etymology
[es].
*** Pronunciation
[es-pr]
*** Noun
[f]
1. Mafia (Italian Mafia)
2. Mafia (any criminal organization)
**** Derived terms
[es]
*** Further reading
- [R:es:DRAE]