From en.wiktionary.org:
[Grind]
** English
[wikipedia]
*** Etymology 1
From [en], from [en], from [en], from [en].
Cognate with [stq], [stq], [nl] and [nl], [sq].
**** Pronunciation
- [en] [when followed by "the" (e.g., "grind the coffee")]
- [en]
- [en]
**** Verb
[grinds] (_see usage notes below_)
1. [en] To reduce to smaller pieces by crush ing with lateral motion.
2. [en] To shape with the force of friction .
3. [en] To remove material by rub bing with an abrasive surface.
4. [en] To become ground, pulverized, or polished by friction.
5. To move with much difficulty or friction; to grate .
6. [en] To slide the flat portion of a skateboard or snowboard across an obstacle such as a railing.
7. [en] To oppress , hold down or weaken .
8. [en] To rotate the hips erotic ally.
9. * [en]
10. [en] To dance in a sexual ly suggestive way with both partners in very close proximity, often pressed against each other.
11. [en] To rub one's body against another's in a sexual way; to frottage .
12. * {{ quote-book | en | date=2013-02-26 | author=Elizabeth Hoyt | title=Lord of Darkness: Number 5 in series | publisher=Hachette UK | isbn=9781405515528
|text=She wanted to GRIND herself against him, wanted to moan, loud and free,
wanted to take his hand and make him touch her more firmly.}}
1. * {{ quote-book | en | date=2016-08-16 | author=Heather McGovern | title=A Moment of Bliss | publisher=Lyrical Press | isbn=9781601838360
|text=He GROUND against her until he was muttering curses, his kiss rougher
than before.}}
1. * {{ quote-book | en | date=2017-12-17 | author=Becca Fanning | title=Shifter Royal Dynasty Vol 1 (Royal BBW Bear Shifter Secret Baby Romance Series) | publisher=Gizmo Media
|text=She kept GRINDING until they were both spent: their bliss washing over
them entirely.}}
1. * {{ quote-book | en | date=2020-04-07 | author=Laurelin Paige | author2=Claire Contreras | author3=Sierra Simone | author4=Skye Warren | author5=Annika Martin | title=Need You Now | publisher=Top Shelf Romance LLC
|text=This morning, we woke up and made out for a solid forty-five minutes,
GRINDING like teenagers until she came against my thigh.}}
1. [en] To repeat a task a large number of times in a row to achieve a specific goal.
2. * [en]
3. * [en]
4. [en] To operate by turning a crank.
5. To produce mechanical ly and repetitive ly as if by turning a crank .
6. [en] To automatically format and indent code.
7. [en] To eat .
8. To instill through repetitive teaching.
9. [en] To work or study hard; to hustle or drudge .
10. * [en]
11. [en] To annoy or irritate (a person); to grind one's gears .
12. * [en]
***** Usage notes
- In the sports and video game senses, the past participle and past tense form [en] is often used instead of the irregular form [en] .
- Historically, there also existed a past participle form [en] , but it is now archaic or obsolete.
- When used to denote sexually suggestive dancing between two partners, the past participle and past tense form [en] is almost always used.
***** Conjugation
Strong conjugation (all other senses)
[old=1]
Weak conjugation (sports, video games, dance move)
[en-conj]
***** Derived terms
{{col|en|axe to grind |ax to grind |backgrind |bump and grind |cryogrind
|deathgrind |goregrind |grindability |grindable |grind down |grindery
|grindhouse |grind out |grindset |grindster |grindstone |grind the corn |grind
to a halt |grind up |grindy |have an axe to grind |intergrind |misgrind
|nosegrind |overgrind |porngrind |pornogrind |pregrind |regrind |the mill
cannot grind with water that is past |the mills of the gods grind slowly
|togrind }}
***** Translations
[to reduce to smaller pieces]
- Aklanon: [akl]
- Albanian: [sq]
- Arabic: [ar]
- Armenian: [hy]
- Aromanian: [rup] , [rup]
- Assamese: [as] , [as]
- Asturian: [ast]
- Belarusian: [be] , [be]
- Breton: [br]
- Bulgarian: [bg] , [bg] , [bg]
- Catalan: [ca] , [ca] , [ca] , [ca] , [ca] , [ca]
- Chechen: [ce]
- Cherokee: [chr]
- Chinese:
- Chuvash: [cv]
- Czech: [cs] , [cs]
- Dalmatian: [dlm]
- Danish: [da] , [da] , [da] , [da]
- Dutch: [nl] , [nl] , [nl]
- Esperanto: [eo]
- Finnish: [fi]
- French: [fr] , [fr]
- Friulian: [fur] , [fur]
- Galician: [gl] , [gl]
- Georgian: [ka]
- German: [de] , [de]
- Gothic: [got] , [got]
- Greek: [el]
- Hebrew: [he]
- Hindi: [hi]
- Hungarian: [hu] , [hu] , [hu] , [hu] , [hu] , [hu]
- Ilocano: [ilo]
- Ingrian: [izh] , [izh]
- Irish: [ga]
- Isnag: [isd]
- Italian: [it]
- Japanese: [ja]
- Khmer: [km]
- Korean: [ko] , [ko]
- Latgalian: [ltg]
- Latin: [la]
- Latvian: [lv]
- Lithuanian: [lt]
- Low German:
- Luxembourgish: [lb]
- Macedonian: [mk]
- Malay: [ms] , [ms] [with mortar and pestle] , [ms]
- Mansaka: [msk]
- Maori: [mi] , [mi]
- Mòcheno: [mhn]
- Mongolian: [mn]
- Norman: [nrf]
- Norwegian: [no] , [no] , [no] , [no]
- Occitan: [oc]
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Polish: [pl]
- Portuguese: [pt] , [pt]
- Quechua: [qu] , [qu]
- Romanian: [ro] , [ro]
- Romansch: [rm]
- Russian: [ru] , [ru]
- Sanskrit: [sa]
- Sardinian: [sc]
- Scots: [sco]
- Scottish Gaelic: [gd]
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Slovak: [sk]
- Slovene: [sl]
- Sorbian:
- Spanish: [es] , [es]
- Swedish: [sv]
- Tamil: [ta]
- Thai: [th]
- Tocharian B: [txb]
- Turkish: [tr]
- Ugaritic: [uga]
- Ukrainian: [uk] , [uk]
- Venetan: [vec] , [vec] , [vec] , [vec] , [vec]
- Vietnamese: [vi]
- Volapük: [vo]
- Walloon: [wa] , [wa]
- Welsh: [cy]
- West Frisian: [fy]
- White Hmong: [mww]
- ǃXóõ: [nmn]
[trans-bottom]
[to shape with the force of friction]
- Albanian: [sq]
- Finnish: [fi]
- Hungarian: [hu] , [hu]
- Portuguese: [pt] , [pt]
- Spanish: [es]
- Swedish: [sv]
[trans-bottom]
[to remove material by rubbing with an abrasive surface]
- Armenian: [hy]
- Bulgarian: [bg] , [bg]
- Catalan: [ca]
- Chinese:
- Czech: [cs]
- Danish: [da] , [da]
- Dutch: [nl]
- Esperanto: [eo]
- Finnish: [fi]
- French: [fr]
- Georgian: [ka]
- German: [de]
- Japanese: [ja]
- Khmer: [km]
- Maori: [mi] , [mi] , [mi] , [mi] , [mi]
- Mongolian: [mn]
- Norwegian: [no] , [no]
- Polish: [pl]
- Portuguese: [pt]
- Russian: [ru] , [ru]
- Spanish: [es]
- Swedish: [sv]
- Thai: [th]
- Turkish: [tr]
- Ukrainian: [uk]
- Vietnamese: [vi]
[trans-bottom]
[to become ground, pulverized, or polished by friction]
- Finnish: [fi]
- Maori: [mi]
- Swedish: [sv]
[trans-bottom]
[to move with much difficulty or friction]
- Finnish: [fi]
- Hungarian: [hu] , [hu] , [hu]
- Maori: [mi] [refers specifically to the grinding of teeth] , [mi] [refers specifically to the grinding of teeth]
- Portuguese: [pt] [teeth] , [pt] [teeth]
- Spanish: [es] [teeth] , [es] [teeth] , [es] [teeth] , [es] [teeth]
[trans-bottom]
[to slide a skateboard or snowboard across an obstacle]
- Finnish: [fi]
- German: [de]
- Swedish: [sv]
[trans-bottom]
[to oppress, hold down or weaken]
- Danish: [da]
- Finnish: [fi]
[trans-bottom]
[slang: to rotate the hips erotically]
- Catalan: [ca] , [ca]
- Czech: [cs]
- Danish: [da]
- Finnish: [fi]
- Italian: [it] , [it] , [it]
- Portuguese: [pt]
[trans-bottom]
[slang: to dance in a sexually suggestive way]
- Dutch: [nl]
- Finnish: [fi]
- Portuguese: [pt]
[trans-bottom]
[to repeat a task in video games]
- Chinese:
- Finnish: [fi]
- Russian: [ru]
- Swedish: [sv]
[trans-bottom]
[to operate by turning a crank]
- Finnish: [fi]
[trans-bottom]
[to produce mechanically and repetitively as if by turning a crank]
- Finnish: [fi] ; [fi] , [fi] [slang]
- Hungarian: [hu]
[trans-bottom]
[to instill through repetitive teaching]
- Finnish: [fi]
- Swedish: [sv]
[trans-bottom]
[slang: to eat]
- Albanian: [sq]
- Danish: [da] , [da]
- Finnish: [fi]
[trans-bottom]
[to work or study hard]
- Finnish: [fi] , [fi] , [fi] ; [fi] , [fi] [chiefly of studying]
- Hungarian: [hu]
- Portuguese: [pt]
- Russian: [ru]
- Swedish: [sv] , [sv] , [sv]
[trans-bottom]
[checktrans-top]
- Albanian: [sq]
- Breton: [br]
- Ewe: [ee]
- Hindi: [hi]
- Icelandic: [is]
- Indonesian: [id] < !-- was " menggiling " - assumed inflected form or vocalised spelling; please verify if linking is acceptable. see User:Kephir/gadgets/xte#Translation_fixing -->, [id] < !-- was " mengasah " - assumed inflected form or vocalised spelling; please verify if linking is acceptable. see User:Kephir/gadgets/xte#Translation_fixing -->, [id] < !-- was " membubut " - assumed inflected form or vocalised spelling; please verify if linking is acceptable. see User:Kephir/gadgets/xte#Translation_fixing -->, [id] < !-- was " menggeretakkan " - assumed inflected form or vocalised spelling; please verify if linking is acceptable. see User:Kephir/gadgets/xte#Translation_fixing -->
- Italian: [it]
- Norwegian: [no]
- Serbo-Croatian: [sh]
- Swedish: [sv]
[trans-bottom]
**** Noun
[~]
1. The act of reducing to powder, or of sharpening, by friction.
2. Something that has been reduced to powder, something that has been ground.
3. A specific degree of pulverization of coffee bean s.
4. A tedious and laborious task .
5. * [en]
6. A grinding trick on a skateboard or snowboard.
7. [en] One who studies hard.
8. * [en]
9. * [en]
10. [en] [en] .
11. [en] Hustle ; hard work.
12. * [en]
***** Derived terms
[en]
***** Translations
[grinded but not fully powdered ones]
- Albanian: [sq]
- Khiamniungan Naga: [kix]
[trans-bottom] [a specific degree of pulverization of coffee beans]
- Finnish: [fi] , [fi]
- German: [de] , [de]
- Greek: [el]
- Italian: [it] , [it] , [it]
- Spanish: [es]
[trans-bottom]
[a tedious task]
- Dutch: [nl]
- German: [de] , [de]
- Italian: [it] , [it]
- Russian: [ru]
- Spanish: [es]
[trans-bottom]
*** Etymology 2
From [en].
**** Pronunciation
- [en]
- [en]
- [en]
**** Noun
[en-noun]
1. A traditional communal pilot whale hunt in the Faroe Islands .
***** Synonyms
- [en]
*** Anagrams
- [en]
[en] [en] [en]
** Albanian
*** Etymology
Either a nasal variant of [sq] or [sq], from [sq] (compare [en], [lt]. Same
sense development as with [sq].
*** Verb
[grinda]
1. [sq] to brawl , to fight , to wrangle over
**** Conjugation
[sq-conj-c-a-ur]
**** Related terms
- [sq]
- [sq]
- [sq]
- [sq]
*** Further reading
- [R:sq:FGJSH:2006]
- [R:sq:FGJSSH:1980]
** Dutch
[lang=nl]
*** Pronunciation
- [nl]
- [nl]
- [nl]
- [nl]
*** Etymology 1
From [nl], [dum], from [nl], from [nl].
**** Alternative forms
- [nl]
- [nl]
**** Noun
[n]
1. [nl] gravel , pebble s, shingle
***** Derived terms
{{col|nl |grindbed |grindbeton |grinden |grindig |grindpad |grindweg }}
***** Descendants
- [af]
*** Etymology 2
From [nl], perhaps from the above root as a crusty rash.
**** Alternative forms
- [nl]
**** Noun
[n]
1. [nl] the diseases scabies (human), mange (canine)
***** Synonyms
- [nl]
***** Derived terms
- [nl]
*** Anagrams
- [nl]
** Faroese
*** Etymology 1
From [fo].
**** Pronunciation
[fo]
**** Noun
[f]
1. A framework
2. A grille
***** Declension
[grind]
*** Etymology 2
The term is a Faroese invention. A school of pilot whales reminds of a
framework (see _grind_ above) in the sea, by swimming very close to each
other. More likely the word is related to the English word ground and refers
to the whales frequently running aground or easily driven onto ground.
Another theory suggests it refers to grinding, scraping or rubbing, in as
mating behaviour.On the etymology of Faroese Grind “school of pilot whales”
(see https://ojs.setur.fo/index.php/frit/article/view/296/359) The Faroese
term was loaned in many other languages; compare German Grindwal, Danish
grindehval or Dutch griend.
**** Noun
[f]
1. A school of grindahvalur ( pilot whale s)
2. The tvøst ( meat ) and spik ( blubber ) of the pilot whales
3. The act of pilot whaling, grindadráp
4. [fo] An unexpected meal
***** Declension
[grind]
***** Descendants
- [az]
- [be]
- [bg]
- [da]
- [nl]
- [et]
- [de]
- [is]
- [ru]
- [sv]
- [uk]
- [uz]
[fo]
** Icelandic
*** Pronunciation
- [is]
- [is]
*** Etymology 1
[is].
**** Noun
[@@:lattice]
1. lattice , grid , grille
2. framework
3. [is] lattice
***** Declension
[f,,ur]
*** Etymology 2
[is].
**** Noun
[@@:pilot whale]
1. pilot whale
***** Declension
[f,,ur]
*** Anagrams
- [is]
** Norwegian Bokmål
[lang=no]
*** Etymology
From [nb].
*** Noun
[nb-noun-c]
1. A hinged gate across a road or path where it is intersected by a fence .
2. A framework
3. A grille
**** Derived terms
{{col3|nb |beingrind |grindgjerde |grindhval |grindsag |grindstolpe |grindverk
|grindveving |grindåpner |husgrind |leikegrind |lekegrind |takgrind
|trappegrind }}
*** References
- [lang=nb]
- [R:Ordnett]
** Norwegian Nynorsk
[lang=nn]
*** Pronunciation
- [nn] [nn-pronu-note]
- [nn]
*** Etymology 1
[nn].
**** Noun
[nn-noun-f1]
1. A hinged gate across a road or path where it is intersected by a fence .
2. A framework
3. A grille
***** Inflection
{{nn-noun-infl |Aasen1=Grind |Aasen2=_Grindi_ |Aasen3=_Grindar_
|Aasen4=_Grindarna_ |1901d=_grindarne_ (_grindane_) |1917b=grinda, _grindi_
|1917c=_grinder_ |1917d=_grindene_ |1938b=grinda [_grindi_] |2012a=grind
|2012b=grinda |2012c=grinder |2012d=grindene }}
***** Derived terms
- [nn]
- [nn]
- [nn]
- [nn]
*** Etymology 2
[nn]
**** Noun
[nn-noun-mu]
1. [nn] [nn]
*** References
- [R:ND]
** Old Norse
*** Etymology
[non] From [non].
*** Noun
[f]
1. a gate made of spar s or bar s
2. haven , dock
3. storehouse s
**** Declension
[grind] [grind]
**** Descendants
[top2]
- [is]
- [fo]
- [nn]
- [nb]
- [sv]
[bottom]
*** Further reading
- [R:non:Zoega]
** Swedish
[lang=sv]
*** Etymology
From [sv], from [sv], from [sv], from [sv].
*** Noun
[c]
1. a (non-solid, like a grid or mesh) gate (in a fence, wall, hedge, or the like)
2. [sv] A gate (logical pathway)
**** Declension
[sv-infl-noun-c-ar]
**** Derived terms
{{col3|sv |gallergrind |grindhål |grindslant |grindstolpe |grindstuga
|grindvakt |grindval |grindöppning |järngrind |spjälgrind |spärrgrind }}
**** See also
- [sv]
*** Further reading
- [R:svenska.se]
- [svetym]
*** Anagrams
- [sv]
[sv]