From en.wiktionary.org:
[Crisp]
** English
[2025]
*** Pronunciation
{{multiple images |direction = vertical |image1 = Applecrisp.jpg |caption1 =
An apple crisp _(noun [en] )_. |image2 = Traditionelle kartoffelchips.jpg
|caption2 = A bowl of potato crisps _(noun [en] )_, often called chips in
North America and other places. }}
- [en]
- [en] [en]
- [en]
*** Etymology 1
[en] The [adjective] is derived partly from the following:[1]
- [en] : [en] , [2] from [en] , [3] from [en] , possibly ultimately from [en] , from [ine-pro] .
- [en] : from the above, and probably also [onomatopoeic] , representing a crinkling or crunching sound.
[en].
Adjective [en] (“of air, weather, etc.: cool and dry”) is transferred from a
description of frost or snow as “crisp”, that is, crunchy.<ref name="OED"/>
The [noun] is derived partly from the following:
- [en] , [4] from [enm] (see above). [5]
- Modern English [en] (“having a consistency which is hard yet brittle”).
**** Adjective
[er]
1. [en] [Senses relating to curliness .]
1. [en] Of hair : curling , especially in tight , stiff curls or ringlet s; also [en] , of a person : having hair curled in this manner .
2. * [page=56]
3. * [chapter=Experiment Solitary, Touching the Differences of Liuing Creatures, Male & Female]
4. * [book=XXVI]
5. * [volume=I]
6. [en] Of a body of water , skin , etc.: having a surface which is rippled or wrinkled .
7. * [act=I]
8. * [act=IV]
9. * [canto=IX]
10. * [volume=II]
11. [en] [en] ; crisped .
12. * [en]
13. [en] Clear ; also, shining , or smooth .
14. * [book=9]
15. * [act=IV]
16. * [sig=G]
2. [en] [Senses relating to brittleness .]
1. Having a consistency which is hard yet brittle , and in a condition to break with a sharp fracture ; crumbly , friable , short .
2. * [book=3rd]
3. * [chapter=Experiments in Consort Touching Melioration of Sounds]
4. * [volume=I]
5. * [page=283]
6. * [book=XXII]
7. * [volume=II]
8. * [volume=II]
9. * [en]
10. [en]
1. Not limp ; firm , stiff; not stale or wilted ; fresh ; also, effervescent , lively .
2. * [date=12 July 1820]
3. * [en]
4. Of action , movement , a person's manner, etc.: precise and quick ; brisk .
5. * [volume=I]
6. * [year=1963]
7. * [en]
8. * [en]
9. * [en]
10. * [en]
11. [en] Of air , weather , etc.: cool and dry ; also, of a period of time : characterize d by such weather.
12. * [page=48]
13. * [volume=I]
14. Of fabric , paper , etc.: clean and uncreased .
15. * [en]
16. Of something heard or seen : clearly defined ; clean, neat , sharp.
17. [en] Not using fuzzy logic ; based on a binary distinction between true and false .
18. [en] Of wine : having a refreshing amount of acidity ; having less acidity than green wine, but more than a flabby one.
***** Derived terms
{{col3|en |crispbread |crispen |crisphead |crispification |crispily
|crispiness |crispless |crisply |crisp mint |crispness |crispy |Honeycrisp
|semicrisp |supercrisp |ultracrisp |uncrisp<pos:a> }}
***** Related terms
- [en]
- [en]
- [en]
***** Translations
[of hair: curling, especially in tight, stiff curls or ringlets]
- Bulgarian: [bg]
- Finnish: [fi] , [fi] , [fi]
- Italian: [it]
- Macedonian: [mk]
- Russian: [ru] , [ru] , [ru]
- Ukrainian: [uk]
[trans-bottom]
[of a body of water, skin, etc.: having a surface which is rippled or
wrinkled]
- Bulgarian: [bg] , [bg]
- Finnish: [fi] , [fi] [water] , [fi] [skin, etc.]
- Macedonian: [mk]
- Russian: [ru]
- Turkish: [tr]
- Ukrainian: [uk]
[trans-bottom]
[_synonym_ of crispate]
[having a consistency which is hard yet brittle, and in a condition to break
with a sharp fracture]
- Bulgarian: [bg] , [bg] , [bg]
- Esperanto: [eo]
- Finnish: [fi]
- German: [de]
- Irish: [ga]
- Macedonian: [mk]
- Maori: [mi] , [mi]
- Ottoman Turkish: [ota]
- Plautdietsch: [pdt]
- Russian: [ru]
- Ukrainian: [uk]
[trans-bottom]
[not limp]
[not stale or wilted]
- Bulgarian: [bg] , [bg]
- Esperanto: [eo]
- Finnish: [fi]
- French: [fr] , [fr]
- German: [de] , [de]
- Hungarian: [hu]
- Irish: [ga] , [ga] [of fruit and vegetables]
- Macedonian: [mk]
- Maori: [mi] , [mi] [both of food] , [mi] [of vegetation]
- Plautdietsch: [pdt]
- Portuguese: [pt]
- Russian: [ru]
- Spanish: [es]
- Turkish: [tr] , [tr]
- Ukrainian: [uk]
[trans-bottom]
[effervescent, lively]
[of action, movement, a person’s manner, etc.: precise and quick]
- Finnish: [fi] , [fi] , [fi] , [fi] , [fi]
- German: [de]
- Macedonian: [mk]
- Portuguese: [pt] , [pt] , [pt]
- Russian: [ru] , [ru] , [ru]
- Spanish: [es]
- Ukrainian: [uk]
[trans-bottom]
[of air, weather, etc.: cool and dry; of a period of time: characterized by
such weather]
- Finnish: [fi]
- Ingrian: [izh]
- Irish: [ga]
- Macedonian: [mk]
- Portuguese: [pt]
- Scottish Gaelic: [gd]
- Turkish: [tr]
[trans-bottom]
[of fabric, paper, etc.: clean and uncreased]
- Finnish: [fi]
- Macedonian: [mk]
[trans-bottom]
[of something heard or seen: clearly defined]
- Finnish: [fi]
- French: [fr]
- Macedonian: [mk]
- Maori: [mi]
- Portuguese: [pt]
- Russian: [ru] , [ru]
- Ukrainian: [uk]
[trans-bottom]
[not using fuzzy logic]
- Finnish: [fi]
- Macedonian: [mk]
[trans-bottom]
[of wine: having a refreshing amount of acidity]
- Finnish: [fi]
- Macedonian: [mk]
[trans-bottom]
**** Noun
[en-noun]
1. [Senses relating to something brittle .]
1. [en] [en] A type of baked dessert consist ing of fruit topped with a crumbly mixture made with fat , flour , and sugar ; a crumble .
2. [en] [en] _In full_ POTATO CRISP : a thin slice of potato which has been deep-fried until it is brittle and crispy , and eaten when cool ; they are typically packaged and sold as a snack .
3. * [edition=US]
4. * [en]
5. * [en]
6. * [en]
1. [en] _Chiefly with a descriptive word_ : a thin slice made of some other ingredient (s) (such as cornmeal or a vegetable ) which is baked or deep-fried and eaten as a snack like a potato crisp.
2. * [en]
7. [en] A banknote ; also, a number of banknotes collectively .
8. [en] _Chiefly in_ TO A CRISP : a food item that has been overcook ed, or a thing which has been burned , to the point of becoming charred or dried out .
9. * [book=XII]
10. * [chapter=Riley]
11. [en] The crispy rind of roast pork ; crackling .
12. * [page=19]
2. [en] [Senses relating to something curled .]
1. A curly lock of hair , especially one which is tightly curled .
2. * [edition=2nd]
3. A delicate fabric , possibly resembling crepe , especially used by women for veils or other head covering s in the past ; also, a head covering made of this fabric.
4. * [part=Judith]
5. * [chapter=Fashion Suted and Attired from the Head to the Foot]
***** Derived terms
- [en]
- [en]
- [en]
- [en]
***** Translations
[type of baked dessert consisting of fruit topped with a crumbly mixture]
[thin slice of potato that has been deep-fried until it is brittle and crispy]
[thin slice made of some other ingredient(s) which is baked or deep-fried and
eaten as a snack like a potato crisp]
- Finnish: [fi]
- Macedonian: [mk]
[trans-bottom]
[banknote]
[food item that has been overcooked, or a thing which has been burned, to the
point of becoming charred or dried out]
- Finnish: [fi] [“to a crisp” with the allative] , [fi] [“to a crisp” with the translative]
- Macedonian: [mk]
[trans-bottom]
*** Etymology 2
Partly from the following:
- [en] : _crisp_ (adjective; see etymology 1 ). [6]
- [en] : Late [en] , [7] from [en] , [8] from [en] , from [la] (see etymology 1) + [la] .
**** Verb
[en-verb]
1. [en] [Senses relating to brittleness .]
1. [en] To make (something) firm yet brittle ; specifically [en] , to give ( food ) a crispy surface through frying , grilling , or roasting .
2. * [1752] , [Elizabeth Moxon] , _English Housewifry,_ Leeds: James Lister, “To make Hare Soop,” p. [nbsp] 6, <sup> see http://name.umdl.umich.edu/004889672.0001.000 </sup>
3. *: [...] put it into a Dish, with a little stew’d Spinage , CRISP’D Bread, and a few forc’d-meat Balls.
4. * [en]
5. [en] To add small amounts of colour to (something); to tinge , to tint .
6. * [en]
7. * [page=55]
8. * {{ quote-text | en | year=1925 | author=w:Warwick Deeping | title=w:Sorrell and Son | url=https://archive.org/details/sorrellson00deep | chapter=7 | page=66 | publisher=Grosset & Dunlap | year_published=1926 | location=New York
|passage=The leaves of the chestnut were CRISPED with gold.}}
1. [en] To become firm yet brittle; specifically [en] , of food: to form a crispy surface through frying, grilling, or roasting.
2. * [volume=I]
3. * [en]
4. * [en]
5. * [en]
6. [en] To make a sharp crackling or crunching sound .
7. * [en]
8. * [en]
9. * 1915 , [Clotilde Graves] (as Richard Dehan), “A Dish of Macaroni” in _Off Sandy Hook,_ New York: Frederick A. Stokes, p. [nbsp] 39, <sup> see https://archive.org/details/offsandyhookando00dehaiala/page/39 </sup>
10. *: [...] her light footsteps and CRISPING draperies retreated along the passage,
11. * [en]
12. * [en]
13. * [en]
1. [en] [en] [Senses relating to curliness .]
1. [en] To curl (something, such as fabric ) into tight , stiff folds or waves ; to crimp , to crinkle ; specifically, to form ( hair ) into tight curls or ringlet s.
2. * [III]
3. * 1609 , _[Douay-Rheims Bible] ,_ [Second Book of Chronicles] 4.5, <sup> see http://name.umdl.umich.edu/A11777.0001.001 </sup>
4. *: [...] the brimme therof was as it were the brimme of a chalice, or of a CRISPED lilie:
5. * 1630 , [Michael Drayton] , _The Muses Elizium,_ London: John Waterson, “The Description of Elizium,” The fift Nimphall, p. [nbsp] 44, <sup> see http://name.umdl.umich.edu/A20831.0001.001 </sup>
6. *: The Louer with the Myrtle Sprayes
7. *: Adornes his CRISPED Tresses:
8. * [en]
9. * [chapter=23]
10. * [7]
11. [en]
1. To cause (a body of water ) to undulate irregularly ; to ripple .
2. * [book=4]
3. * 1818 , [Lord Byron] , _[Childe Harold's Pilgrimage] ,_ Canto [nbsp] 4, London: John Murray, stanza [nbsp] 53, p. [nbsp] 29, <sup> see https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.31951002023177v&view=1up&seq=55&q1=%22should%20crisp%22 </sup>
4. *: I would not their vile breath should CRISP the stream
5. *: Wherein that image shall for ever dwell;
6. * [volume=V]
7. * [chapter=IV]
8. To twist or wrinkle (a body part ).
9. * [en]
10. * [en]
11. * [en]
12. * [en]
13. * [en]
12. [en] To fold ( newly woven cloth ).
13. [en] To become curled into tight, stiff folds or waves.
14. * [chapter=Of Lettuce]
15. * [en]
16. [en]
1. Of a body of water: to ripple, to undulate.
2. * 1630 , [Henry Hawkins (Jesuit)] (translator), _Certaine selected epistles of [Jerome] ,_ Saint-Omer: The English College Press, “The Epitaphe of S. Paula,” p. [nbsp] 96, <sup> see http://name.umdl.umich.edu/A04384.0001.001 </sup>
3. *: Hitherto we haue sayled with a fore-wind, & our sliding ship hath plowed vp the CRISPING waues of the Sea at ease.
4. * 1832 , [Alfred, Lord Tennyson] , “The Lotos-Eaters,” Choric Song, V., in _Poems,_ London: Moxon, p. [nbsp] 114, <sup> see https://archive.org/details/poemstennalfr00tennrich/page/114 </sup>
5. *: To watch the CRISPING ripples on the beach,
6. *: And tender curving lines of creamy spray:
7. * [en]
8. Of a body part: to become twisted or wrinkled.
9. * [en]
***** Derived terms
{{col3|en |crisped<pos:a> |crisper |crisping<pos:n> |crisping iron |crisping
pin |crisping tongs |uncrisp<pos:v> }}
***** Translations
[(_transitive_ ) to make (something) firm yet brittle; to give (food) a crispy
surface; ( _intransitive_ ) to become firm yet brittle; of food: to form a
crispy surface]
- Bulgarian: [bg]
- Finnish: [fi]
- Macedonian: [mk]
[trans-bottom]
[to add small amounts of colour to (something)] [to make a sharp crackling or
crunching sound]
[(_transitive_ ) to curl (something) into tight, stiff folds or waves; to
crimp, to crinkle; to form (hair) into tight curls or ringlets; (
_intransitive_ ) to become curled into tight, stiff folds or waves]
[(_transitive_ ) to cause (a body of water) to undulate irregularly; (
_intransitive_ ) of a body of water: to ripple, to undulate] [(_transitive_ )
to twist or wrinkle (a body part); ( _intransitive_ ) of a body part: to
become twisted or wrinkled] [to fold (newly woven cloth)]
*** References
References:
[1]. [pos=adj] ; [pos=adj]
[2]. [pos=adj]
[3]. [pos=adj]
[4]. [pos=n]
[5]. [pos=n] ; [pos=n]
[6]. [pos=v] ; [pos=v]
[7]. [entry=crispen]
[8]. [entry=cirpsian]
*** Further reading
- [R:OneLook]
- [R:Century 1911]
*** Anagrams
- [en]
[en]
** Middle English
*** Alternative forms
- [enm]
*** Etymology
From [enm], [ang] and [enm], [fro], from [enm].
*** Pronunciation
- [enm]
*** Adjective
[crispe]
1. curly , curled
2. curly - haired
3. crinkly or wavy
**** Related terms
- [enm]
**** Descendants
- [en]
**** References
- [entry=crisp]
*** Noun
[crispes]
1. A kind of curled pastry .
2. A kind of crinkly fabric .
**** Descendants
- [en]
**** References
- [entry=crisp]
[enm]
** Old English
*** Etymology
From [ang].
*** Adjective
[ang-adj]
1. [ang] curly
**** Descendants
- [enm]
*** References
- [crisp]