From en.wiktionary.org:
[Appendix:Variations of "and"]
** Translingual
*** Etymology
[mul] [mul] with [mul] as a placeholder.
*** Symbol
[mul-symbol]
1. [3]
*** See also
- [and]
** English
[wikipedia]
*** Pronunciation
- [ănd] [en]
- [en]
- [en]
- [en]
- [en]
- [en]
- [en]
- [en]
- [en]
- [ən(d)] [en]
- [en]
- [en]
- [en]
- [en] < !--No /ənd/, /ən/, etc. rhyme: can't rhyme an unstressed word.-->
- [en]
<!-- 1 syllable words !-->
*** Etymology 1
[en] [en], [enm], from [en], [ang], [ang], from [en], from [en], [gem-pro],
from [en]. Cognate with [sco], [frr], [stq], [fy], [nl], [nl], [de],
[nds-de], [nds-de], [lb], [wym], [wym], [yi], [yi], [yi], [yi], [da], [fo],
[is], [is], [nb], [nn], [nn], [sv], [sq] (dialectal [sq]), [sq], [la], [grc].
[en] ("if").
**** Alternative forms
- [en]
- [en] ( [en] )
**** Conjunction
[en-con]
1. As a coordinating conjunction; expressing two elements to be taken together or in addition to each other.
1. Used simply to connect two noun phrases, adjectives or adverbs. [from 8th c.]
2. * C. 1430 (reprinted 1888 ), Thomas Austin, ed., _Two Fifteenth-century Cookery-books. Harleian ms. 279 (ab. 1430), & Harl. ms. 4016 (ab. 1450), with Extracts from Ashmole ms. 1429, Laud ms. 553, & Douce ms. 55_ [ Early English Text Society, Original Series; 91 ] , London: 吴语: Routledge for the [Early English Text Society] , volume I, <small> 吴语: Online Computer Library Center 374760 (see http://worldcat.org/oclc/374760) </small> , page 11:
3. *: Soupes dorye. — Take gode almaunde mylke [...] caste þher-to Safroun AN Salt [...]
4. * [V]
5. * [Genesis]
6. * [text=as for Mrs. Smith, she had claims of various kinds to recommend her quickly AND permanently.]
7. * {{ quote-journal | en | date=5 November 2011 | author=Mark Townsend | journal=The Guardian
|passage=‘The UKBA has some serious explaining to do if it is routinely
carrying out such abusive AND unlawful inspections.’}}
1. Simply connecting two clauses or sentences. [from 8th c.]
2. * {{ quote-text | en | year=1991 | author=w:Jung Chang | title=Wild Swans
|passage=When she saw several boys carrying a huge wooden case full of
porcelain, she mumbled to Jinming that she was going to have a look, AND left
the room.}}
1. * {{ quote-journal | en | date=5 November 2011 | author=Helena Smith; Tom Kington | journal=The Guardian
|passage="Consensus is essential for the country," he said, adding that he was
not "tied" to his post AND was willing to step aside.}}
1. Introducing a clause or sentence which follows on in time or consequence from the first. [from 9th c.]
2. * {{ quote-text | en | year=1996 | author=David Beasley | title=Chocolate for the Poor
|passage=‘But if you think you can get it, Christian, you're a fool. Set one
foot upcountry AND I'll kill you.’}}
1. * {{ quote-journal | en | date=22 August 2004 | author=Will Buckley | journal=The Observer
|passage=One more error AND all the good work she had done on Friday would be
for nought.}}
1. * 2007 : 吴语: Jimmy Carr , _吴语: 8 out of 10 Cats_ , 13th day of July episode
2. *: Romance _is_ dead; men killed it, AND made women clean up the mess.
3. [en] Yet ; but . [10th]
4. * [Matthew]
5. Used to connect certain numbers: connecting units when they precede tens [now dated] ; connecting shillings to pence in a monetary quantity [now historical] ; connecting tens and units to hundreds, thousands etc. (now often omitted in US); to connect fractions to wholes. [from 10th c.]
6. * [Bliss]
7. * [chapter=26]
8. * {{ quote-book | en | year=1915 | author= [W. Somerset Maugham] | title=Of Human Bondage | chapter=13
|passage=[H]e had bought the pen-holder during his last holidays at
Blackstable for one AND two-pence.}}
1. * 1956 , [Dodie Smith] , (title):
2. *: The One Hundred AND One Dalmatians.
3. [en] Used to connect more than two elements together in a chain, sometimes to stress the number of elements.
4. * [II]
5. * 1939 , Langley, Ryerson & Woolf, _The Wizard of Oz_ (screenplay):
6. *: Lions, AND tigers, AND bears! Oh, my!
7. Connecting two identical elements, with implications of continued or infinite repetition. [from 10th c.]
8. * [Psalms]
9. * {{ quote-journal | en | date=18 March 2011 | author=Jonathan Watts | journal=The Guardian
|passage=He was at work in a nearby city when the tsunami struck. ‘As soon as
I saw it, I called home. It rang AND rang, but there was no answer.’}}
1. Introducing a parenthetical or explanatory clause. [from 10th c.]
2. * {{ quote-text | en | year=1918 | author=w:George W. E. Russell | title=Prime Ministers and Some Others
|passage=The word "capable" occurs in Mr. Fisher's Bill, AND rightly, because
our mental and physical capacities are infinitely varied.}}
1. * {{ quote-journal | en | journal=The Guardian | date=29 Jan 2008
|passage=President Pervez Musharraf is undoubtedly sincere in his belief that
he, AND he alone, can save Pakistan from the twin perils of terrorism and
anarchy.}}
1. Introducing the continuation of narration from a previous understood point; also used alone as a question: ‘and so what?’.
2. * [Revelation]
3. * [text=‘You take it smoothly now,’ said I, ‘but you were very serious last night, when you swore it was Death.’ ‘ AND so I swear it is Death,’ said he, putting his pipe back in his mouth [nb...] .]
4. * {{ quote-text | en | year=1914 | author=w:Saki; ‘The Lull’ | title=Beasts and Superbeasts
|passage=‘ AND, Vera,’ added Mrs. Durmot, turning to her sixteen-year-old
niece, ‘be careful what colour ribbon you wear in your hair[nb...].’}}
1. [en] Used to connect two verbs where the second is dependent on the first: ‘ to ’. Used especially after [en] , [en] and [en] . [from 14th c.]
2. * [text=Beyond paying her a few charming compliments and amusing her with gay conversation, had he done anything at all to try AND gain her affection?]
3. * [passage="What have you a been AND given Pitt's wife?" said the individual in ribbons, when Pitt and Lady Jane had taken leave of the old gentleman.]
4. * {{ quote-text | en | year=1989 | author=w:James Kelman | title=A Disaffection
|passage=Remember AND help yourself to the soup! called Gavin.}}
1. Introducing a qualitative difference between things having the same name; "as well as other". [from 16th c.]
2. * {{ quote-text | en | year=1936 | title=The Labour Monthly | volume=XVIII
|passage=Undoubtedly every party makes mistakes. But there are mistakes AND
mistakes.}}
1. * {{ quote-text | en | year=1972 | title=Esquire | volume=LXXVIII
|passage="There are managers AND there are managers," he tells me. "I'm
totally involved in every aspect of Nina's career."}}
1. Used to combine numbers in addition ; plus (with singular or plural verb). [from 17th c.]
2. * _Two AND two is/are four_ .
3. * {{ quote-text | en | year=1791 | author=w:James Boswell | title=Life of Samuel Johnson
|passage=‘Nobody attempts to dispute that two AND two make four: but with
contests concerning moral truth, human passions are generally mixed[nb...].’}}
1. * {{ quote-text | en | year=1871 | author=w:Lewis Carroll | title=Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There
|passage=‘Can you do Addition?’ the White Queen asked. ‘What's one AND one
AND one AND one AND one AND one AND one AND one AND one AND one?’}}
1. [en] _Expressing a condition._
1. [en] If ; provided that. [from 13th c.]
2. * {{ quote-text | en | year=1485 | author=Sir Thomas Malory | title=Le Morte Darthur | section=Book VII
|passage="Where ys Sir Launcelot?" seyde King Arthure. " AND he were here, he
wolde nat grucche to do batayle for you."}}
1. * [Matthew]
2. * {{ quote-text | en | year=1958 | author=w:Shirley Ann Grau | title=The Hard Blue Sky
|passage=" AND he went slower," Mike said softly, "he go better."}}
1. [en] As if , as though . [15th]
2. * [I]
3. * [chapter=Of Innovations]
1. [en] Connecting two well-formed formulas to create a new well-formed formula that requires it to only be true when both of the two formulas are true.
***** Usage notes
[2] Beginning a sentence with [en] or other coordinating conjunctions is
considered incorrect by classical grammarians arguing that a coordinating
conjunction at the start of a sentence has nothing to connect, but use of the
word in this way is very common. The practice will be found in literature
from Anglo-Saxon times onwards, especially as an aid to continuity in
narrative and dialogue. The _OED_ provides examples from the 9th century to
the 19th century, including one from Shakespeare’s _King John:_ “_Arthur_.
Must you with hot Irons, burne out both mine eyes? _Hubert._ Young boy, I
must. _Arthur_. And will you? _Hubert_. And I will.” It is also used for
other rhetorical purposes, especially to denote surprise
<blockquote>(O John! and you have seen him! And are you really going?—1884 in
_OED_) </blockquote>
and sometimes just to introduce an improvised afterthought
<blockquote>(I’m going to swim. And don’t you dare watch—G. Butler,
1983)</blockquote>
It is, however, poor style to separate short statements into separate
sentences when no special effect is needed: _I opened the door and I looked
into the room_ (not *_I opened the door. And I looked into the room_).
Combining sentences or starting with _in addition_ or _moreover_ is preferred
in formal writing.
[en] is often omitted for contextual effects of various kinds, especially
between sequences of descriptive adjectives which can be separated by commas
or simply by spaces
<blockquote>(The teeming jerrybuilt dun-coloured traffic-ridden deafening
city—Penelope Lively, 1987)</blockquote>
In U.S. financial contexts such as check writing, AND is often proscribed
within full dollar amounts, reserved for use only immediately before the cent
value. For instance, $150 is written "one hundred fifty", whereas "one
hundred AND fifty" is arguably ambiguous and could be taken to mean $100.50
instead. Some even teach that AND literally means a decimal point, although a
standard writing would at least denote the fractional dollar value as
hundredths, e.g. with "/xx". [col-bottom]
***** Synonyms
- [used to connect two similar words or phrases] [en] , [en] , [en]
- [informal] [en] , [en] , [en]
- [in artist collaborations] [en]
***** Derived terms
- [en] , [en] , [en] , [en] , [en] , [en] , [en] , [en] , [en] , [en] , [en]
***** Related terms
{{col|en |equal to |false |if |iff |implies |nand |nor |not |or |true |xor }}
***** Translations
[Conjunction]
***** See also
- [en]
**** Noun
[en-noun]
1. [en] [en] In rhythm , the second half of a divided beat .
2. * {{ quote-book | en | year=2006 | author=Gordon Goodwin | title=Gordon Goodwin's Big Phat Band: Trumpet | page=51
|passage=The same goes for measure 42, when you begin the phrase on the AND of
1, because that kind of lick can easily bog down the time.}}
*** Etymology 2
[en] [en], from [en] and [en]; both from [en], from [en].
Cognate with [de], [da], [sv], [is], [sq], [la]. Related to [en].
**** Alternative forms
- [en]
**** Noun
[en-noun]
1. [en] Breath .
2. [en] [Sea smoke] ; steam fog .
*** Etymology 3
[en] [en], from [en] and [en]; both from [en]. Cognate with [de], [da], [sv],
[is]. See above.
**** Alternative forms
- [en] , [en] , [en]
**** Verb
[en-verb]
1. [en] To breathe ; whisper ; devise ; imagine .
*** Anagrams
- [en]
[en]
** Azerbaijani
[анд]
*** Etymology
From [az].[1] Cognate with [otk], [tr].
*** Pronunciation
- [az]
- [az]
*** Noun
[az-noun]
1. oath
**** Declension
[a]
**** Derived terms
- [az]
*** References
References:
[1]. [*Ānt]
[2]. https://dsl.ac.uk/entry/snd/and_conj1
** Danish
*** Etymology
[da], from [da], cognate with [de], [nl]. The Germanic noun derives from
[da], which is also the source of [la], [grc], [lt], [sa].
The sense of "false story" is a [da].
*** Pronunciation
- [da]
- [da]
*** Noun
[en]
1. duck [[Anatinae]]
2. canard [false or misleading report or story]
**** Declension
[en]
**** Related terms
- [da]
*** Further reading
- [R:DDO]
[da]
** Estonian
*** Etymology
From the root of [et]. Cognate with [fi].
*** Pronunciation
- [an'd]
*** Noun
[anni]
1. offering , gift
2. alms , donation
3. giftedness , talent
4. act of giving
**** Declension
[anni]
** Fingallian
*** Conjunction
[gmw-fin]
1. [en]
** Gothic
*** Romanization
[got-rom]
1. [got]
** Livonian
*** Verb
[liv]
1. [andõ]
*** References
- [R:liv:LDW]
- [R:liv:SLW]
** Middle English
*** Etymology 1
From [enm], [ang], [ang], from [enm], from [enm], from [enm].
**** Alternative forms
- [enm]
- [enm]
**** Pronunciation
- [enm]
- [enm]
**** Conjunction
[enm]
1. [en] , [en] then [connects two elements of a sentence]
2. * [enm]
3. * [enm]
4. * [enm]
5. * [book=Revelation]
6. * [version=Hg]
7. however , yet , but , though . while
8. if , supposing that, whether .
9. [enm] As though , like, in a manner suggesting.
***** Descendants
- [en]
- [sco]
- [yol]
***** References
- [entry=and]
*** Etymology 2
**** Noun
[enm]
1. [enm] [enm]
** Norwegian Bokmål
[lang=no]
*** Etymology
[nb], from [nb], from [nb].
*** Pronunciation
- [nb]
- [nb]
*** Noun
[end]
1. a duck
2. canard (false or misleading report or story)
**** Derived terms
- [nb]
- [nb]
*** References
- [R:The Bokmål Dictionary]
[nb]
** Norwegian Nynorsk
*** Pronunciation
- [nn] [s]
*** Etymology 1
[lang=nn] From [nn], from [nn], from [nn].
**** Alternative forms
- [nn]
- [nn]
**** Noun
[end]
1. a duck [waterbird]
***** Declension
[and] [and]
***** Derived terms
{{col4|nn |andebryst |Andeby |andebøle |andedam |andedun |andefamilie
|andefugl |andeegg |andekall |andestegg |andunge |avisand |dykkand |fiskand
|grasand |gravand |isand |krikkand |kvinand |laksand |stokkand |svartand
|taffeland |toppand |villand }}
*** Etymology 2
[nn] From [nn].
**** Alternative forms
- [nn]
**** Noun
[nn-noun-f1]
1. [nn] breath , spirit
*** Etymology 3
**** Verb
[nn]
1. [nn]
*** References
- [R:ND]
*** Anagrams
- [nn]
[nn]
** Old English
*** Alternative forms
- [ang]
- [ang]
*** Etymology
From [ang], probably from [ang]. Compare [ofs], [osx], [goh], [non].
*** Pronunciation
- [and]
*** Conjunction
[ang]
1. [en]
2. * [ang]
**** Synonyms
- [ang] [symbol]
**** Descendants
- [enm]
*** Adverb
[ang-adv]
1. even ; also
** Old Frisian
*** Alternative forms
- [ofs]
*** Etymology
[ofs], from [ofs]. Compare [ang], [osx], [goh], [non].
*** Conjunction
[ofs]
1. and
**** Descendants
- [frr]
- [stq]
- [fy]
** Old Irish
*** Etymology
From [sga], from [sga]. The adverbial sense of this term is the original one,
and it has an etymology independent of [sga].
*** Pronunciation
- [sga-IPA]
*** Pronoun
[sga]
1. [sga] : in him , in it
2. * [Ml]
3. *: [sga]
*** Adverb
[sga]
1. there
2. * [Tur]
3. *: {{ quote | sga | Ba bés leusom do·bertis dá boc leu dochum tempuil, ⁊ no·léicthe indala n‑ái fon díthrub co pecad in popuil, ⁊ do·bertis maldachta foir, ⁊ n⟨o⟩·oircthe didiu AND ó popul tar cenn a pecthae ind aile.
|It was a custom with them that two he-goats were brought by them to the
temple, and one of the two of them was let go to the wilderness with the sin
of the people, and curses were put upon him, and thereupon the other was slain
THERE by the people for their sins.}}
1. then , in that case
2. * [Wb]
3. *: {{ quote | sga | Is AND didiu for·téit [la] ar n-énirti-ni in tain bes n-inun accobor lenn .i. la corp [la] anim [la] la spirut.
|So it is THEN that the spirit helps our weakness when we have the same
desire, to wit, body and soul and spirit.}}
**** Descendants
- [mga]
- [ga]
- [gv]
- [gd]
** Scots
*** Conjunction
[sco-conj]
1. [sco]
**** Usage notes
- While _and_ is relatively often written due to English influence, it is seldom pronounced as such, making way for [sco] . [2]
**** References
[reflist]
** Swedish
[lang=sv]
*** Etymology
[sv], from [sv], from [sv].
*** Pronunciation
- [sv]
- [sv]
*** Noun
[c]
1. a wild duck
1. [sv] a mallard
**** Declension
[2=ande]
**** Related terms
{{col3 |sv|andfågel |andjakt |andmat |andrake |andsträck |andunge |gräsand }}
**** See also
- [sv] [domesticated duck]
*** References
- [so]
- [saol]
- [saob]
*** Anagrams
- [sv]
[sv] [sv]
** Turkish
*** Noun
[tr]
1. [tr]
** Yola
*** Conjunction
[yol]
1. [yol]
2. * [yol]
3. * [yol]
*** References
- [page=49]
** Zealandic
*** Etymology
[zea] [zea], from [zea], from [zea].
*** Noun
[f]
1. [zea] hand
**** Alternative forms
- [zea]