From en.wiktionary.org:
** English
[2022]
*** Etymology 1
[en][en] The [adjective] is derived from Late [en], [enm][abiecte, abjecte,
obiect],[1] from [en] (modern [fr], [fr] [obsolete]), and from its [etymon]
[en], an adjective use of the [perfect] [passive] [participle] of [la], from
[la] + [la] (ultimately from [en]).[2][3]
The [noun] is derived from the adjective.<ref name="OED"/>
[2]
- [it] [obsolete] , [it]
- [LL.]
- [es] [obsolete] , [es]
[col-bottom]
**** Pronunciation
- [ăbʹjĕkt] , [en]
- [en]
- [ăbʹjĕkt] , [en]
- [en]
- [en]
**** Adjective
[er]
1. Existing in or sunk to a low condition , position , or state ; contemptible , despicable , miserable . [from early 15th c.]
2. * [page=22]
3. * [chapter=The Twelfth Song]
4. * [book=I]
5. * [page=18]
6. * [volume=II]
7. * [volume=III]
8. * [en]
9. [en]
1. [en] Complete ; downright ; utter .
2. * [volume=I]
3. * [chapter=Story of the Destroying Angel]
4. [en] Lower than nearby area s; low-lying .
5. * [volume=I]
10.. Of a person : cast down in hope or spirit ; showing utter helplessness , hopelessness , or resignation ; also, grovelling ; ingratiating ; servile . [from mid 14th c.]
11. * [act=I]
12. * [act=IV]
13. * [section=7]
14. * [volume=IV]
15. * [volume=I]
16. * [page=202]
17. * [volume=I]
18. * [en]
19. * [chapter=II]
20. [en] Marginalized as deviant .
21. * [en]
22. * [en]
***** Derived terms
{{col|en |abjectification |abjectify |abjectly |abjectness |nonabject
|unabject }}
***** Related terms
- [en]
- [en] [obsolete]
***** Translations
[existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state]
- Arabic: [ar]
- Armenian: [hy]
- Azerbaijani: [az] , [az]
- Bikol Central: [bcl]
- Bulgarian: [bg] , [bg]
- Chinese:
- Dutch: [nl] , [nl] , [nl]
- Finnish: [fi]
- French: [fr] , [fr] , [fr]
- Georgian: [ka] , [ka] , [ka]
- German: [de] , [de] , [de] , [de] [poverty] , [de]
- Greek:
- Hindi: [hi]
- Hungarian: [hu] , [hu]
- Ido: [io]
- Interlingua: [ia]
- Italian: [it]
- Japanese: [ja] , [ja]
- Latin: [la]
- Norwegian:
- Old English: [ang] , [ang]
- Ottoman Turkish: [ota] , [ota] , [ota]
- Persian: [fa] , [fa] , [fa]
- Portuguese: [pt] , [pt]
- Romanian: [ro] , [ro] , [ro] , [ro] , [ro] , [ro]
- Russian: [ru] , [ru]
- Scottish Gaelic: [gd]
- Serbo-Croatian: [sh] , [sh]
- Spanish: [es]
- Tagalog: [tl]
- Turkish: [tr] , [tr] , [tr]
- Urdu: [ur]
- Welsh: [cy]
[trans-bottom]
[complete; downright; utter] [lower than nearby areas]
[of a person: cast down in hope or spirit]
- Bulgarian: [bg] , [bg] , [bg]
- Chinese:
- Dutch: [nl] , [nl]
- French: [fr] , [fr] , [fr]
- Georgian: [ka] , [ka]
- German: [de] , [de] , [de]
- Greek:
- Interlingua: [ia]
- Italian: [it]
- Latin: [la] , [la]
- Norwegian:
- Portuguese: [pt]
- Romanian: [ro]
- Spanish: [es]
- Turkish: [tr]
[trans-bottom]
[showing utter helplessness, hopelessness, or resignation]
- Dutch: [nl] , [nl]
- Norwegian:
- Russian: [ru]
- Serbo-Croatian: [sh]
[trans-bottom]
[grovelling; ingratiating; servile]
[checktrans-top]
- Vietnamese: [vi] , [vi] , [vi] , [vi] , [vi] , [vi]
[trans-bottom]
**** Noun
[en-noun]
1. A person in the lowest and most despicable condition ; an oppressed person; an outcast ; also, such people as a class . [from early 16th c.]
2. * [format=full]
3. * [act=I]
4. * [act=III]
5. * [Psalms]
6. * [chapter=The Sacrifice]
7. * [scene=iv]
8. * [act=III]
9. * [en]
10. * [en]
***** Translations
[person in the lowest and most despicable condition]
- Dutch: [nl] , [nl]
- French: [fr] , [fr]
- Interlingua: [ia]
- Italian: [it]
- Portuguese: [pt] , [pt]
- Sardinian:
- Turkish: [tr]
[trans-bottom]
*** Etymology 2
From Late [en][abiect, abiecte],[4] from [enm], [enm] (see etymology 1).[5]
Sense 3 (“of a fungus: to give off (spores or sporidia)”) is modelled after
[de].<ref name="OED v"/>
**** Pronunciation
- [ăbjĕktʹ] , [en]
- [en]
- [en]
- [en]
**** Verb
[en-verb] [en]
1. To cast off or out (someone or something); to reject , especially as contemptible or inferior . [from 15th c.]
2. * [chapter= 吴语: Elizabeth I]
3. * [en]
4. To cast down (someone or something); to abase ; to debase ; to degrade ; to lower ; also, to forcibly impose obedience or servitude upon (someone); to subjugate . [from 15th c.]
5. * [volume=I]
6. [en] Of a fungus : to (forcibly) give off ( spores or sporidia ).
***** Derived terms
- [en]
- [en]
***** Translations
[to cast off or out (someone or something)]
- Arabic: [ar]
- Italian: [it] , [it]
- Norwegian:
[trans-bottom]
[to cast down (someone or something)] [to forcibly impose obedience or
servitude upon]
[of a fungus: to (forcibly) give off (spores or sporidia)] [trans-bottom]
*** References
References:
[1]. [pos=ppl]
[2]. [pos=adj. _and _ n]
[3]. [pos=adj]
[4]. [entry=abjecten]
[5]. Compare [pos=v]
*** Further reading
- [page=4]
- [page=3]
- [page=5]
[en]
** Dutch
*** Etymology
Borrowed from [nl], from [nl].
*** Pronunciation
- [nl]
- [nl]
- [nl]
- [nl]
*** Adjective
[nl-adj]
1. reprehensible , despicable , [en]
**** Declension
[nl-decl-adj]
**** Derived terms
- [nl]
** French
*** Etymology
From [fr].
*** Pronunciation
- [fr-IPA]
- [fr]
- [fr]
- [fr]
- [fr]
- [fr]
*** Adjective
[fr-adj]
1. [fr] Worthy of utmost contempt or disgust ; vile ; despicable
2. [fr] of the lowest social position
**** Usage notes
- [en] lacks the idea of groveling, of moral degradation over time that is present in the English word.
**** Derived terms
- [fr]
**** Related terms
- [fr]
**** Descendants
- [de]
- [nb]
- [ro]
*** Further reading
- [R:fr:TLFi]
** Romanian
*** Etymology
[ro], from [ro].
*** Pronunciation
- [ro]
*** Adjective
[ro-adj]
1. [en]
**** Declension
[ro-decl-adj]