From en.wikipedia.org:
[Orange-colored citrus fruit] [the citrus fruit] [the Indonesian city]
[date=October 2023] {{Speciesbox |name = Tangerine |image = TangerineFruit.jpg
|genus = Citrus |species = × tangerina |authority = Tanaka }}
The TANGERINE is a type of citrus fruit that is orange in colour, that is
considered either a variety of the mandarin orange (_Citrus reticulata_), or a
closely related species, under the name _CITRUS TANGERINA_,[1][2][3] or yet as
a hybrid ( _CITRUS_ × _TANGERINA_) of mandarin orange varieties, with some
pomelo contribution.
** Etymology
The word "tangerine" was originally an adjective meaning "of Tangier", a
Moroccan seaport on the Strait of Gibraltar. The name was first used for
fruit shipped from Tangier, described as a mandarin variety.[4] The OED cites
this usage from Addison's _The Tatler_ in 1710 with similar uses from the
1800s. The fruit was once known scientifically as "_Citrus nobilis_ var.
_tangeriana_"; it grew in the region of Tangiers. This usage appeared in the
1800s.[5]
** Taxonomy
[[File:Hybrid origins of Citrus.svg|thumb|center|upright=3|Many citrus fruits
are hybrids.[6] The tangerine is either a variety of mandarin, or a hybrid of
mandarin and pomelo.]]
Under the Tanaka classification system, _Citrus tangerina_ is considered a
separate species. Under the Swingle system, tangerines are considered a group
of mandarin (_C. reticulata_) varieties.<ref name=identification>[ doi =
10.1007/s11295-010-0314-x ] Some differ only in disease resistance.[7] The
term is also currently applied to any reddish-orange mandarin (and, in some
jurisdictions, mandarin-like hybrids, including some tangors).[8][9]
** Description
Tangerines are smaller and less rounded than oranges. They taste less sour,
as well as sweeter and stronger, than oranges do.[10] A ripe tangerine is firm
to slightly soft, and pebbly-skinned with no deep grooves, as well as orange
in color. The peel is thin, with little bitter white mesocarp.<ref
name=latimes>[title=Market Watch: The wild and elusive Dancy] All of these
traits are shared by mandarins generally.
The peak tangerine season lasts from autumn to spring. Tangerines are most
commonly peeled and eaten by hand. The fresh fruit is also used in salads,
desserts and main dishes. The peel is used fresh or dried as a spice or zest
for baking and drinks. Fresh tangerine juice and frozen juice concentrate are
commonly available in the United States.
** Production
{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; clear:right; width:14em;
text-align:center; margin-right:1em;" |+ Tangerine production – 2021<ref
name=faostat>[url=http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC ] |- !
style="background:#ddf; width:75%;"| Country ! style="background:#ddf;
width:25%;"| Production (millions of tonnes) |- | [CHN] || 25.0 |- | [ESP] ||
2.0 |- | [TUR] || 1.8 |- | [MAR] || 1.2 |- | [BRA] || 1.08 |- | [USA] || 1.05
|- | [EGY] || 1.0 |- | WORLD || 42.0 |}
In 2021, world production of tangerines (including mandarins and clementines)
was [42]<!--42 million tonnes-->, led by China with 60% of the total (table).
** Varieties
[Mandarin orange varieties]
Tangerines were first grown and cultivated as a distinct crop in the Americas
by a Major Atway in Palatka, Florida.[11] Atway was said to have imported them
from Morocco (more specifically its third-largest city, the port of Tangier),
which was the origin of the name. Major Atway sold his groves to N. H.
Moragne in 1843, giving the Moragne tangerine the other part of its name.<ref
name=industry>[url=http://www.citrusvariety.ucr.edu/citrus/dancy.html ]
The Moragne tangerine produced a seedling which became one of the oldest and
most popular American varieties, the Dancy tangerine (zipper-skin tangerine,
kid-glove orange).<ref name=industry/> Genetic analysis has shown the parents
of the Dancy to have been two mandarin orange hybrids each with a small pomelo
contribution, a Ponkan mandarin orange and a second unidentified mandarin.[12]
The Dancy is no longer widely commercially grown; it is too delicate to handle
and ship well, it is susceptible to _Alternaria_ fungus, and it bears more
heavily in alternate years.[13][14] Dancys are still grown for personal
consumption, and many hybrids of the Dancy are grown commercially.
Until the 1970s, the Dancy was the most widely grown tangerine in the United
States;<ref
name=arkoftaste>[url=http://www.slowfoodusa.org/ark-item/dancy-tangerine ] the
popularity of the fruit led to the term "tangerine" being broadly applied as a
marketing name. Florida classifies tangerine-like hybrid fruits as tangerines
for the purposes of sale and regulation;<ref name="florida.eregulations.us" />
this classification is widely used but regarded as technically inaccurate in
the industry.<ref name="edis.ifas.ufl.edu" /> Among the most important
tangerine hybrids of Florida are murcotts (a late-fruiting type of tangor
marketed as "honey tangerine"[15]) and Sunbursts (an early-fruiting complex
tangerine-orange-grapefruit hybrid).[16] The fallglo, also a three-way hybrid
([5] tangerine, [1] orange and [1] grapefruit), is also grown.[17]
** Nutrition
{{nutritional value | name=Tangerines, raw | image=Tangerine 2009-03-11.jpg |
caption=A murcott, likely a tangerine hybrid | kJ=223 | water=85.2 g |
protein=0.81 g | fat=0.31 g | carbs=13.34 g | fiber=1.8 g | sugars=10.58 g |
calcium_mg=37 | iron_mg=0.15 | magnesium_mg=12 | phosphorus_mg=20 |
potassium_mg=166 | sodium_mg=2 | zinc_mg=0.07 | manganese_mg=0.039 |
vitC_mg=26.7 | thiamin_mg=0.058 | riboflavin_mg=0.036 | niacin_mg=0.376 |
pantothenic_mg=0.216 | vitB6_mg=0.078 | folate_ug=16 | choline_mg=10.2 |
vitA_ug=34 | betacarotene_ug=155 | vitE_mg=0.2 | source_usda = 1 | note=Link
to USDA Database entry (see
https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/food-details/169105/nutrients) }}
Tangerines contain 85% water, 13% carbohydrates, and negligible amounts of fat
and protein (table). Among micronutrients, only vitamin C is in significant
content (30% of the Daily Value) in a [100] reference serving, with all other
micronutrients in low amounts.
<gallery class=center mode=nolines widths=220 heights=220> File:Pomological
Watercolor POM00006444.jpg|A botanical illustration of a Manurco tangerine,
painted by Royal Charles Steadman in January, 1926 File:Narangi tree in
Mohali.jpg|Tangerine tree </gallery>[-]
** References
[Reflist]
** External links
- [Citrus tangerina]
- [cookbook-inline]
- [Tangerines]
[Citrus] [from=Q516494] [Authority control]
Category:Citrus Category:Citrus hybrids Category:Crops
Eesti: Tangeriin